Addressing solar modulation and long-term uncertainties in scaling secondary cosmic rays for in situ cosmogenic nuclide applications

Lifton, Nathaniel A.; Bieber, J. W.; Clem, J.; Duldig, M. L.; Evenson, P. A.; Humble, J. E.; Pyle, R.

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2005.07.001

Cited by 274 publications

(224 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…For the timedependent adaptation of the Lal (1991) -Stone (2000 scaling model (cf. Balco et al, 2008) the difference is ~15%, whereas the scaling schemes of Dunai (2001), Desilets and Zreda (2003), Desilets et al (2006), and Lifton et al (2005) lead to denudation rates that are about 30 to 40% higher than those reported herein. The exact differences depend on, among other factors, the integration time and the sample elevation, because the altitude-dependence of nuclide production slightly differs in the various scaling models.…”

Section: Uncertainties Of the 10 Be Denudation Ratescontrasting

confidence: 45%

“…2) indicate that during the last glacial cycle glaciers descended down to ~4800 m on the northern slope of the mountain range and to about 4300-4500 m on its southern margin (Lehmkuhl et al, 2002;Klinge and Lehmkuhl, 2004). In the southern part of the Nyainqentanglha Shan, boulders from a sequence of three moraines yielded 10 Be exposure ages of ~34 ka, ~25 ka, and ~12 ka (Chevalier et al, 2011; the exposure ages were calculated with the scaling scheme of Lifton et al, 2005). Five boulders from an even older moraine in the eastern part of the mountain range have minimum 10 Be ages between ~50 ka and ~110 ka and indicate a slightly larger ice extent during the penultimate glaciation (Owen et al, 2005).…”

Section: Evaluating Past Burial Of the Peneplain By Glaciers Or Cold-mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Landscape evolution of a bedrock peneplain on the southern Tibetan Plateau revealed by in situ-produced cosmogenic 10Be and 21Ne

et al. 2012

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: Landscape evolution of a bedrock peneplain on the southern Tibetan Plateau revealed by in situ-produced cosmogenic 10Be and 21Ne.-Geomorphology, [153][154][192][193][194][195][196][197][198][199][200][201][202][203][204] AbstractLow-relief bedrock surfaces that occur at high altitude are a common feature of Cenozoic mountain belts and have often been used to infer a significant amount of rock uplift after their generation at low elevation. The timescale over which such surfaces can be preserved at high elevation and the rate at which they are modified by weathering and erosion are poorly known. Here we use cosmogenic 10 Be and 21 Ne to quantify the landscape evolution of a bedrock peneplain in southern Tibet that occurs at an altitude of ~5300 m. The peneplain is developed in Cretaceous granitoids and Jurassic metasediments of the northern Lhasa block (90°E, 31°N) and originally had a minimum extent of ~150 km east-west and ~75 km northsouth. It has been dissected by small rivers that generated a few hundred meters of relief and formed additional bedrock surfaces of limited extent at lower elevation. Local denudation rates for the peneplain and the lower bedrock surfaces -based on 10 Be concentrations in grus samples and amalgamated quartz clasts -cluster between 5 and 11 m Ma -1 (mean = 8.1 m Ma -1 ) and are thought to be representative for the long-term rate of downwearing of these surfaces. Samples from bedrock outcrops and bedrock blocks yield more variable rates (3-20 m Ma -1 ), which partly overestimate the long-term lowering rate, presumably due to block tilting and bedrock inhomogeneity. Spatially averaged 10 Be denudation rates for small river catchments range from 9 to 16 m Ma -1 (mean = 11.8 m Ma -1 ) and are only slightly higher than the local denudation rates. Hence, the incision and widening of valleys proceeds at low rates, which demonstrates that the landscape of the peneplain region is remarkably stable. The combined 21 Ne and 10 Be data in a subset of the samples suggest that the bedrock surfaces have experienced a simple exposure history without periods of burial. Thus, our data do not provide any evidence for extended periods of shielding by ice during past glaciations, which is consistent with the absence of erratic boulders and moraines in the peneplain region.

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Section: Uncertainties Of the 10 Be Denudation Ratescontrasting

confidence: 45%

Section: Evaluating Past Burial Of the Peneplain By Glaciers Or Cold-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Landscape evolution of a bedrock peneplain on the southern Tibetan Plateau revealed by in situ-produced cosmogenic 10Be and 21Ne

et al. 2012

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“…Bromley et al [37] defined a lower moraine group (~5000-4900 m), extending to the lower area of the glacial valleys, as CI and a higher moraine group (~5500 m), deposited in the middle part of the Santiago valley, as CII. For each group of moraines they found two age ranges, depending on the scaling model used: Lm [70] or Li [71][72][73]: -CI moraines:~25-15 ka (Lm) and~21-12 ka (Li), with outlier ages~47 and~31 ka (Li) and~61 and~37 ka (Lm). -CII moraines:~11-12 ka (Lm) and~11-8 ka (Li).…”

Section: Snowlines Elas and Glacial Datingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospecting Glacial Ages and Paleoclimatic Reconstructions Northeastward of Nevado Coropuna (16° S, 73° W, 6377 m), Arid Tropical Andes

et al. 2018

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This work investigates the timing, paleoclimatic framework and inter-hemispheric teleconnections inferred from the glaciers last maximum extension and the deglaciation onset in the Arid Tropical Andes. A study area was selected to the northeastward of the Nevado Coropuna, the volcano currently covered by the largest tropical glacier on Earth. The current glacier extent, the moraines deposited in the past and paleoglaciers at their maximum extension have been mapped. The present and past Equilibrium Line Altitudes (ELA and paleoELA) have been reconstructed and the chlorine-36 ages have been calculated, for preliminary absolute dating of glacial and volcanic processes. The paleoELA depression, the thermometers installed in the study area and the accumulation data previously published allowed development of paleotemperature and paleoprecipitation models. The Coropuna glaciers were in maximum extension (or glacial standstill) 20-12 ka ago (and maybe earlier). This last maximum extension was contemporary to the Heinrich 2-1 and Younger Dryas events and the Tauca and Coipasa paleolake transgressions on Bolivian Altiplano. The maximum paleoELA depression (991 m) shows a colder (−6.4 • C) and moister climate with precipitation ×1.2-×2.8 higher than the present. The deglaciation onset in the Arid Tropical Andes was 15-11 ka ago, earlier in the most southern, arid, and low mountains and later in the northernmost, less arid, and higher mountains.

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“…Shielded samples were used to correct for remaining mantle-derived and nucleogenic 3 He (40), which only averaged 6% of the total measured 3 He (Table S1). Accumulation ages and production rates (Tables S1 and S2) were calculated using the Lifton/Sato scaling scheme (41,42) on the CRONOS 3 He calculator (43,44).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amphitheater-headed canyons formed by megaflooding at Malad Gorge, Idaho

Lamb

Mackey

Farley

2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Many bedrock canyons on Earth and Mars were eroded by upstream propagating headwalls, and a prominent goal in geomorphology and planetary science is to determine formation processes from canyon morphology. A diagnostic link between process and form remains highly controversial, however, and field investigations that isolate controls on canyon morphology are needed. Here we investigate the origin of Malad Gorge, Idaho, a canyon system cut into basalt with three remarkably distinct heads: two with amphitheater headwalls and the third housing the active Wood River and ending in a 7% grade knickzone. Scoured rims of the headwalls, relict plunge pools, sedimenttransport constraints, and cosmogenic ( 3 He) exposure ages indicate formation of the amphitheater-headed canyons by large-scale flooding ∼46 ka, coeval with formation of Box Canyon 18 km to the south as well as the eruption of McKinney Butte Basalt, suggesting widespread canyon formation following lava-flow diversion of the paleo-Wood River. Exposure ages within the knickzone-headed canyon indicate progressive upstream younging of strath terraces and a knickzone propagation rate of 2.5 cm/y over at least the past 33 ka. Results point to a potential diagnostic link between vertical amphitheater headwalls in basalt and rapid erosion during megaflooding due to the onset of block toppling, rather than previous interpretations of seepage erosion, with implications for quantifying the early hydrosphere of Mars.megaflood | knickpoint | sapping | waterfall

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Addressing solar modulation and long-term uncertainties in scaling secondary cosmic rays for in situ cosmogenic nuclide applications

Cited by 274 publications

References 86 publications

Landscape evolution of a bedrock peneplain on the southern Tibetan Plateau revealed by in situ-produced cosmogenic 10Be and 21Ne

Landscape evolution of a bedrock peneplain on the southern Tibetan Plateau revealed by in situ-produced cosmogenic 10Be and 21Ne

Prospecting Glacial Ages and Paleoclimatic Reconstructions Northeastward of Nevado Coropuna (16° S, 73° W, 6377 m), Arid Tropical Andes

Amphitheater-headed canyons formed by megaflooding at Malad Gorge, Idaho

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