“…In specific, their role in the TQM system revolves around assuming responsibilities for quality, evaluating quality performance, improving quality, setting goals and making quality planning (Kaynak, 2003). In addition, scholars have agreed that leadership is a foundational element of the TQM system that is required to support internal and external partners and processes to improve quality performance, and consequently, improve operational performance and organizational performance, and innovativeness (Kaynak, 2003;Sharma, 2017a, b, 2018;Verma et al, 2021). Thus, leadership, in particular total quality leadership, becomes a competitive advantage to the organizations (Powell, 1995;Chen et al, 2020).…”