Addressing the burden of group A streptococcal disease in India

Shet, Anita; Kaplan, Edward L.

doi:10.1007/bf02725655

Cited by 26 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…27 Community studies among symptomatic children with clinical evidence of pharyngitis from India reveal that only 4-13% have GAS isolated from their throat whereas the prevalence of asymptomatic GAS carriers range from 3.7 to 20%. 28 In the present study also, complications were seen. Majority of the children were asymptomatic carriers.…”

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confidence: 68%

4. Pharyngeal carriage of Group A streptococci among school children

Mukundan¹,

Vijayakumar²

2017

JIMD

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Abstract:Objectives: The aims of the study were to determine the pharyngeal carriage rate of Group A streptococci among school children at Thrissur, Kerala and to determine the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the above isolates. Materials and methods: Throat swabs were collected from a total of 260 asymptomatic children(130 each from rural and urban areas) of eighth and ninth standard classes during a period between July 2012 and July 2013. Presumptively identified Group A Streptococci (GAS/Streptococcus pyogenes) were serogrouped by agglutination tests using specific antisera. Antibiotic sensitivity was performed by disc diffusion method following CLSI guidelines. Results: The GAS carriage rate noted in the study was 23.1%. Carriage distribution was found to be independent of age, sex and locality with more number of cases during winter season. All the isolates were found to be sensitive to Penicillin and Vancomycin. Five isolates each were found to be resistant to Erythromycin and Clindamycin respectively. Inducible Clindamycin resistance was demonstrated in three of them. GAS was isolated from the throat swab of one child with past history of joint pains and another child with past history of skin infection-both of them presently had findings of heart disease. Conclusion: When screened and appropriately treated with antibiotics, carriers can be prevented from spreading streptococcal infections in the school environment and the community. Combined efforts by clinicians, community health personnel and clinical microbiologists are required for the early detection and control of streptococcal infections. .

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confidence: 68%

4. Pharyngeal carriage of Group A streptococci among school children

Mukundan¹,

Vijayakumar²

2017

JIMD

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“…This would enable understanding of the local epidemiology and the formulation of indigenous vaccines. In India, compared to the disease burden [6], relatively few studies have been conducted on the overall profile of beta-hemolytic streptococcal infections, the distribution of emm types, and the presence of exotoxins. Since India has tremendous ethnic and geographic diversity, studies encompassing different regions of the country would give more meaningful epidemiological information.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and molecular epidemiology of beta-hemolytic streptococcal infections in India

Mathur

Bhardwaj

Mathur

et al. 2014

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Beta-hemolytic streptococci (βHS) cause a diverse array of human infections. Despite the high number of cases of streptococcal carriers and diseases, studies discerning the molecular epidemiology of βHS in India are limited. This study reports the molecular and clinical epidemiology of beta-hemolytic streptococcal infections from two geographically distinct regions of India. Methodology: A total of 186 isolates of βHS from north and south India were included. The isolates were identified to species level and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was done to detect exotoxin genes, and emm types of group A streptococci (GAS) strains were ascertained by sequencing. Results: GAS was the most common isolate (71.5%), followed by group G streptococci (GGS) (21%). A large proportion of GAS produced speB (97%), smeZ (89%), speF (91%), and speG (84%). SmeZ was produced by 21% and 50% of GGS and GGS, respectively. A total of 45 different emm types/subtypes were seen in GAS, with emm 11 being the most common. Resistance to tetracycline (73%) and erythromycin (34.5%) was commonly seen in GAS. Conclusions: A high diversity of emm types was seen in Indian GAS isolates with high macrolide and tetracycline resistance. SpeA was less commonly seen in Indian GAS isolates. There was no association between disease severity and exotoxin gene production.

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“…The incidence of such disorders is high in India [1]. M protein, the major virulence antigen of GAS has been found to be highly heterogeneous in India as reported earlier by our laboratory [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 55%