Addressing the Career-Related Needs of Women With Disabilities

Inequalities, barriers, intersectionality, and facilitators of careers of women with disabilities: Themes and future research agenda from a scoping review

“…Several recurring themes emerged while the researchers read and reviewed each publication more closely, guided by the key words and topics that emerged in the bibliometric map. Specifically, the themes identified were: Theme 1 -Career inequalities for women (vs. men) with disabilities (Reed, 2002; see Keim et al, 2002;Heydemann and Johnson, 2019;Ballo, 2020), which falls under the red cluster in Figure 2; Theme 2-Barriers to careers for women with disabilities (see Nosek and Bennett, 1996;Runte, 1998;Reed, 1999;Haq, 2003;Noonan et al, 2004;Conyers et al, 2014;Peter et al, 2018;Hanlon and Taylor, 2022;Scott, 2022), which falls under the green cluster in Figure 2; Theme 3-Educational/curriculum intervention to improve career motivations and opportunities for women with disabilities (see Lindstrom, 2000;Lindstrom and Benz, 2002;Lindstrom et al, 2008Lindstrom et al, , 2012Lindstrom et al, , 2013Lindstrom et al, , 2004Lindstrom et al, , 2019Wehmeyer et al, 2009;Miesch, 2011;Pham et al, 2020;Walden et al, 2021;Hirano et al, 2022), which falls under the green cluster in Figure 2; Theme 4-Facilitators/strategies for careers/career development of women with disabilities (see Nosek and Bennett, 1996;Runte, 1998;Reed, 1999;Keim et al, 2002;Haq, 2003;Noonan et al, 2004;Conyers et al, 2014;Hampton et al, 2015;Valtonen, 2017;…”

“…This theme is represented by the keywords "employment, " "gender, " "disability, " "career development, " and "women" in the green cluster and the independent blue cluster of "vocational rehabilitation" in Figure 2. Conyers et al (2014) organised the barriers into four key domains -namely, medical/health conditions (e.g., health deterioration, pain, fatigue, decreased muscle strength, and medication side effects), financial/legal systems (e.g., disability legislation and rights, health insurance, housing subsidies, rehabilitation services, and criminal justice system), psychosocial factors (e.g., coping with discrimination, mental health issues, stigma associated with disability, gender and self-identity, domestic and sexual violence, and work meaningfulness), and vocational/occupational factors barriers (e.g., low levels of educational attainment, skills and job training, as well as gaps in work history). In certain industries dominated by men who do 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1104784 not have a disability, such as sports and manufacturing industries, a focus on ableism, defined as a "system of oppression that faces disabled people in our society, a system that marks disabled people as inferior and most importantly, other" (Liebowitz, 2018, p. 153), coupled with a masculine or men-dominated culture, continues to serve as an entrenched double disadvantage for women with disabilities (Runte, 1998;Hanlon and Taylor, 2022).…”

The Impact of Psychosocial Factors on Health and Retention Outcomes for People Living With HIV: Implications for Rehabilitation Counselors and Educators

“…Conyers (2011) pointed out that HIV is categorized as an episodic disability as PLWH often experience fluctuation in health over time. For future research, it is critical to take the episodic nature of the illness into consideration and examine the impact of each factor on the long-term health trajectories, not only the overall outcomes.…”

A Model of Affirmative Intersectional Rehabilitation Counseling With Sexual Minorities

“…Disparities also exist in the workforce, as both sexual minorities and persons living with CID are at higher risk for lower wages, being underemployed or unemployed, and more likely to experience workplace violence and discrimination (Fassinger, 2008;Houtenville, Sevak, O'Neill, & Cardoso, 2014). It is likely that health-and employmentrelated disparities endured by sexual minorities living with CID are partially the combined result of societal stigma, historical and institutional discrimination, as well as the psychological stress of oppression, such as internalized heterosexism and ableism (Conyers, Smal, & Chiu, 2014;Fassinger, 2008;Meyer, 2003).…”

“…Given the reported rates of CID and other health-related disparities among sexual minorities (Cochran, 2001;Fredriksen-Goldsen et al, 2012), relevant psychosocial experiences of both sexual minorities and persons living with CID (e.g., discrimination, stigma, minority stress; Conyers et al, 2014;Houtenville et al, 2014, Meyer, 2003, and literature concerning affirmative practice (Greene, 2007;Matthews, 2007;Olkin, 2001;Smart & Smart, 2006), there remains a lack of data regarding the counseling practices used by rehabilitation counselors with this population. Whereas some scholars have provided important conceptual contributions to rehabilitation counseling with sexual minorities living with CID (Harley et al, 2000;Harley et al, 2002), the objective of this study was to develop a substantive model, grounded in data, that outlined specific practices that rehabilitation counselors considered effective when working with sexual minorities living with CID.…”