Educating residents about quality improvement (QI) is important for many reasons. QI spans 2 of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) 6 competencies-practice-based learning and improvement and systems-based practice. The ACGME requirements state that residents must be ''integrated and actively participate in interdisciplinary clinical quality improvement and patient safety programs.'' 1 Performing QI activities will soon be linked to maintenance of certification, maintenance of licensure, and even reimbursement by Medicare.
2Reports of QI education within residency training are increasingly common, with primary care representing most of this work.3 A 2009 review found 28 reports documenting residency QI curricula, 9 of which described QI didactic instruction, followed by engagement in QI activities. 4 Curricula that combine didactic and experiential learning appear most effective. 5,6 Most QI curricula are time-limited, often consisting of only a 4-week rotation, which may explain the finding that few resident QI projects are implemented.
4Another barrier is the shortage of faculty educated in QI. 7 Moreover, some specialties, including psychiatry, lag behind others in development of performance measures.
8A more-recent review showed that most published studies on QI curricula had small sample sizes and low response rates.3 Acquisition of QI knowledge has typically been evaluated via subjective self-assessments as opposed to established assessment tools.3,9 However, some reports use the Quality Improvement Knowledge Application Tool (QIKAT), which assesses ability to apply core concepts of improvement to cases. 6,10,11 Our review of the literature found only one published psychiatry QI curriculum, from a Canadian residency program.12 Third-year (postgraduate year-3 [PGY-3])Funding: This material is based on support, resources, and the use of facilities at the White River Junction Veterans Administration in White River Junction, VT.
AbstractBackground Quality improvement (QI) education in residency training is important and necessary for accreditation. Although the literature on this topic has been growing, some specialties, in particular psychiatry, have been underrepresented.