Addressing the Impact of HIV/AIDS on Women and Children in Sub-Saharan Africa: PEPFAR, the U.S. Strategy

Rodney, Patricia; Ndjakani, Yassa; Ceesay, Fatou K.; Wilson, Nana O.

doi:10.2979/aft.2010.57.1.64

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Some of the children may withdraw from school if the family can no longer afford to pay fees or buy supplies (Guo et al, 2012;Pufall et al, 2014;Robson and Sylvester, 2007). Children may also drop out of school if they are needed at home, on the farm or in the market place (Rodney et al, 2011;UNAIDS, 2006).…”

Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

The socio-economic impacts of AIDS on families caring for AIDS-orphaned children in Mbeya rural district, Tanzania

Fauk

Mwakinyali²,

Putra

et al. 2017

IJHRH

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the socio-economic impacts of AIDS on families caring for AIDS-orphaned children in Mbeya rural district, Tanzania. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative inquiry employing one-on-one in-depth interviews was conducted in 2015. Purposive sampling technique was used to recruit participants (n=24) comprising 20 heads of families caring for AIDS-orphaned children, two local government staff and two staff from Isangati Agricultural Development Organisation – a non-government organisation. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic and framework approach. Findings Results demonstrated that families caring for AIDS-orphaned children experienced severe socio-economic impacts of the epidemic. Reduction in household savings, increase in living expenses on health care and increased education fees were the identified economic impacts on these families. Social impacts included labour shortage, withdrawal of children from school and increased demand for food. Social implications There is a need for urgent responses and for scaling up programmes delivered by organisations, institutions and the government of Tanzania to help families cope with these impacts. Originality/value This study provides evidence on socio-economic impacts of AIDS on families caring for AIDS-orphaned children in Tanzania. An understanding of these impacts can help governmental and non-governmental institutions and programme planners to address the problem in their policies and develop evidence-based strategies and interventions in responding to the problem in Mbeya and Tanzania. Moreover, responses to reducing the impacts of AIDS on families require a holistic approach that encourages the involvement of all sectors and agents outside of the health sector.

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Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

The socio-economic impacts of AIDS on families caring for AIDS-orphaned children in Mbeya rural district, Tanzania

Fauk

Mwakinyali²,

Putra

et al. 2017

IJHRH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Several other studies have reported that poor economic condition or poverty within HIV-affected families may also lead to withdrawal of children from school due to unaffordability of parents to pay for school fees or buy supplies (44,51,54,55). (44,51,57).…”

Section: An Explanatory Conceptual Model For the Impacts Of Hiv On Wlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further impacts have been reported within HIV-affected families including child-mother separation and child-parent conflicts (11,13), and reduced economic power through mechanisms such as loss of jobs, increased health expenditure, food insecurity, hunger and poverty (12)(13)(14). Such impacts may lead to a vicious cycle and further health deterioration in WLHIV and their family members due to factors including inability to meet basic needs such as food and health care (15)(16)(17).…”

Section: Introductionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A narrative systematic review of quantitative and qualitative evidence on the impacts of HIV on women living with HIV and their families in developing countries

Fauk¹,

Ward

Hawke

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background HIV infections among women cause a range of detrimental impacts on the affected women and their families. This review seeks to understand what impacts are associated with living with HIV in women and their families; and how the identified impacts relate to each other. Methods A systematic review of literature was conducted to identify the impacts of HIV on women and their families in developing countries. We conducted a systematic search of literatures published up to September 2018 in the following databases: Medline, PsycINFO, CINAL, Emcare, Scopus and ProQuest. Articles were included if they were published in English language, with full text available, in developing countries, involving married and non-married women age 15 years and above with HIV and focusing on the impacts of HIV on women and their families. Critical appraisal tools developed by Joana Briggs Institute (JBI) were used to assess methodological quality of the studies and thematic narrative synthesis was used to analyse the findings of the included articles. Results A total of 20 articles were included in the review. The review indicated that HIV infections among women living with HIV (WLHIV) caused numerous negative impacts on WLHIV and their families. They included (i) psychological impacts, (ii) poor physical health and intimate partner violence, (iii) social impacts such as stigma and discrimination, disruption of children’s social life and education, family separation and child-parent conflict, and (iv) economic impacts including loss of job and increased family health expenditure leading to poor family economic condition, the sale of family assets, food insecurity and hunger and poverty. Conclusions The findings indicate the need for interventions that address among impacts, psychological, stigma and discrimination and economic consequences of HIV facing WLHIV and their families in developing countries.

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“…In resource constrained settings, the most commonly used ARV drugs include nevirapine (NVP) and efavirenz (EFV) which form the backbone of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimens; thus, quite a number of patients use these two drugs during treatment [3,4]. Africa is a continent with a high prevalence of HIV/AIDS making up approximately 67% of the world’s population of HIV infected people [5]. Most ARV drugs used in Africa include EFV and NVP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of CYP2B6 by Medicinal Plant Extracts: Implication for Use of Efavirenz and Nevirapine-Based Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) in Resource-Limited Settings

et al. 2016

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Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has greatly improved health parameters of HIV infected individuals. However, there are several challenges associated with the chronic nature of HAART administration. For populations in health transition, dual use of medicinal plant extracts and conventional medicine poses a significant challenge. There is need to evaluate interactions between commonly used medicinal plant extracts and antiretroviral drugs used against HIV/AIDS. Efavirenz (EFV) and nevirapine (NVP) are the major components of HAART both metabolized by CYP2B6, an enzyme that can potentially be inhibited or induced by compounds found in medicinal plant extracts. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of extracts of selected commonly used medicinal plants on CYP2B6 enzyme activity. Recombinant human CYP2B6 was used to evaluate inhibition, allowing the assessment of herb-drug interactions (HDI) of medicinal plants Hyptis suaveolens, Myrothamnus flabellifolius, Launaea taraxacifolia, Boerhavia diffusa and Newbouldia laevis. The potential of these medicinal extracts to cause HDI was ranked accordingly for reversible inhibition and also classified as potential time-dependent inhibitor (TDI) candidates. The most potent inhibitor for CYP2B6 was Hyptis suaveolens extract (IC 50 = 19.09˘1.16 µg/mL), followed by Myrothamnus flabellifolius extract (IC 50 = 23.66˘4.86 µg/mL), Launaea taraxacifolia extract (IC 50 = 33.87˘1.54 µg/mL), and Boerhavia diffusa extract (IC 50 = 34.93˘1.06 µg/mL). Newbouldia laevis extract, however, exhibited weak inhibitory effects (IC 50 = 100˘8.71 µg/mL) on CYP2B6. Launaea taraxacifolia exhibited a TDI (3.17) effect on CYP2B6 and showed a high concentration of known CYP450 inhibitory phenolic compounds, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid. The implication for these observations is that drugs that are metabolized by CYP2B6 when co-administered with these herbal medicines and when adequate amounts of the extracts reach the liver, there is a high likelihood of standard doses affecting drug plasma concentrations which could lead to toxicity.

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Addressing the Impact of HIV/AIDS on Women and Children in Sub-Saharan Africa: PEPFAR, the U.S. Strategy

Cited by 9 publications

References 24 publications

The socio-economic impacts of AIDS on families caring for AIDS-orphaned children in Mbeya rural district, Tanzania

The socio-economic impacts of AIDS on families caring for AIDS-orphaned children in Mbeya rural district, Tanzania

A narrative systematic review of quantitative and qualitative evidence on the impacts of HIV on women living with HIV and their families in developing countries

Inhibition of CYP2B6 by Medicinal Plant Extracts: Implication for Use of Efavirenz and Nevirapine-Based Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) in Resource-Limited Settings

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