Addressing The Interlocking Impact Of Colonialism And Racism On Filipinx/a/o American Health Inequities

Sabado-Liwag, Melanie; Manalo-Pedro, Erin; Taggueg, Roy; Bacong, Adrian Matias; Adia, Alexander; Demanarig, Donna; Sumibcay, Jake Ryann; Valderama‐Wallace, Claire; Oronce, Carlos Irwin A.; Bonus, Rick; Ponce, Ninez A.

doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2021.01418

Cited by 32 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The Philippines was annexed by the U.S. from Spain after the Spanish-American War and the Philippine-American War. Filipinos in the late 1800s and early 1900s were treated as "U.S. nationals" and allowed to migrate to and from the U.S. without the same restrictions as other Asian ethnic groups [36,37]. Most Filipinos migrating to the U.S. worked in agriculture and fishing industries in Hawaii, Alaska, and U.S. West Coast.…”

Section: Migration In the Philippines Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most Filipinos migrating to the U.S. worked in agriculture and fishing industries in Hawaii, Alaska, and U.S. West Coast. The Philippines also saw intensive development of its healthcare industry, with its schools modeling U.S. medical and nursing schools [ 37 , 38 ]. When the Philippines was formally granted independence from the U.S. after World War II, Filipinos continued to migrate to the U.S. Policies such as the Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1965 relaxed country quotas for immigration from non-European countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, nearly 77% of all emigration from the Philippines between 2007 and 2017 was to the North and South America or associated territories [ 39 ]. Today, many Filipinos who immigrate to the U.S. also arrive via “family reunification” or “employment” visas [ 6 , 37 , 39 ] which are representative the ongoing historical stream of Filipino migration to the U.S. and continued labor recruitment. About 40,000 Filipinos are authorized to come to the U. S. per year [ 39 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, as result of this historical imperial and colonial relationship with the U.S., Filipinos tend to be more English proficient, with lower rates of unemployment and poverty compared to other Asian ethnic groups [ 35 , 37 , 40 ]. Filipino migrants specifically tend to be of working age (18–65 years old), college educated, and mostly female [ 39 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, Filipinos may not appear as a “healthy” immigrant group despite possessing many of the social determinants of health that should preclude poor health. Some have suggested that the poor health among Filipinos could be related to intergenerational trauma and neocolonial structures that place stress among Filipino immigrants and their economic success in the U.S. [ 37 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Health selection on self-rated health and the healthy migrant effect: Baseline and 1-year results from the health of Philippine Emigrants Study

Bacong

Hing

Morey

et al. 2022

PLOS Glob Public Health

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Studies of migration and health focus on a “healthy migrant effect” whereby migrants are healthier than individuals not migrating. Health selection remains the popular explanation of this phenomenon. However, studies are mixed on whether selection occurs and typically examine migrants post-departure. This study used a novel pre-migration dataset to identify which health and social domains differ between migrants and their non-migrant counterparts and their contribution to explaining variance in self-rated health by migrant status at pre-migration and 1-year later. Data were used from the baseline and 1-year follow-up of the Health of Philippine Emigrants Study (HoPES). We used multivariable ordinary least squares regression to examine differences in self-rated health between migrants to the U.S. and a comparable group of non-migrants at baseline (premigration) and one year later, accounting for seven domains: physical health, mental health, health behavior, demographics, socioeconomic factors and healthcare utilization, psychosocial factors, and social desirability. A migrant advantage was present for self-rated health at baseline and 1-year. Accounting for all domains, migrants reported better self-rated health compared to non-migrants both at baseline (β = 0.32; 95% CI = 0.22, 0.43) and at 1-year (β = 0.28; 95% CI = 0.10, 0.46). Migrant status, health behavior, and mental health accounted for most of the variance in self-rated health both at baseline and 1-year follow-up. This analysis provides evidence of migrant health selection and nuanced understanding to what is being captured by self-rated health in studies of migrant health that should be considered in future research.

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Section: Migration In the Philippines Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Health selection on self-rated health and the healthy migrant effect: Baseline and 1-year results from the health of Philippine Emigrants Study

Bacong

Hing

Morey

et al. 2022

PLOS Glob Public Health

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Asian American Representation in Medicine by Career Stage and Residency Specialty

Santos,

Oronce,

Shah

et al. 2024

JAMA Netw Open

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IMPORTANCEAsian American individuals are not underrepresented in medicine; however, aggregation in prior workforce analyses may mask underlying disparities.OBJECTIVETo assess representation by Asian race and disaggregated subgroups in the US allopathic medical school workforce.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) special reports, generated using the AAMC Applicant-Matriculant Data File, Student Records System, Graduate Medical Education Track Survey, and faculty roster. Participants included medical school applicants, matriculants, graduates, residents, and faculty enrolled or employed at US allopathic medical schools between 2013 and 2021. Data were analyzed between March and May 2024.EXPOSUREAsian race or ethnic subgroup as per AAMC and US Census Bureau Office of Management and Budget criteria, including Bangladeshi American, Cambodian American, Chinese American, Filipino American, Indian American, Indonesian American, Japanese American, Korean American, Pakistani American, Taiwanese American, and Vietnamese American.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESRepresentation quotients (RQ) were used to indicate representation that was equivalent (RQ of 1), higher (RQ greater than 1), or lower (RQ less than 1) than expected representation based on US population estimates. One-way analysis of variance and linear regression models assessed mean RQ differences by career stage and over time, with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons.RESULTSIn this study, Asian American individuals accounted for 94 934 of 385 775 applicants (23%), 39 849 of 158 468 matriculants (24%), 37 579 of 152 453 graduates (24%), 229 899 of 1 035 512 residents (22%), and 297 413 of 1 351 187 faculty members (26%). The mean (SD) RQ was significantly greater among Asian American residents (3.44 [0.15]) and faculty (3.54 [0.03]) compared with Asian applicants (3.3 [0.04]), matriculants (3.37 [0.03]), or graduates (3.31 [0.06]). Upon disaggregation, RQ was significantly lower among residents and faculty in 10 of 12 subgroups. Although subgroups, such as Taiwanese American, Indian American, and Chinese American, had RQs greater than 1 (eg, Chinese American graduates: mean [SD], RQ, 3.90 [0.21]), the RQs were less than 1 for Laotian, Cambodian, and Filipino American subgroups (eg, Filipino American graduates: mean [SD], RQ, 0.93 [0.06]) at almost every career stage. No significant RQ changes were observed over time for Laotian American and Cambodian American trainees, with a resident RQ of 0 in 8 of 25 and 4 of 25 specialties, respectively. Faculty RQ increased in 9 of 12 subgroups, but Cambodian American, Filipino American, Indonesian American, Laotian American, and Vietnamese American faculty (eg, Vietnamese American faculty: mean [SD], RQ, 0.59 [0.08]) had RQs less than 1.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEIn this cross-sectional study of Asian representation in US allopathic medical schools, Laotian American, Cambodian American, and Filipino American individuals were underrepresented at each stage of the physician workforce pathway. Efforts to promote diversity in medicine should account for these disparities to avoid perpetuating inequities.

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Looted artifacts and museums' perpetuation of imperialism and racism: Implications for the importance of preserving cultural heritage

Palmer

2023

American J of Comm Psychol

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In the midst of recent protests and antiracism movements following the death of George Floyd in May of 2020 and other Black, Indigenous, and people of Color (BIPOC) murdered in the United States by police violence, protestors and advocates around the world recognized the need for Western governments and other institutions to reckon with their own imperial history—to acknowledge the linkage between the slave trade, colonialism, and racism in their countries. This recognition led to the tearing down of statues depicting racist colonial leaders and calling for museums who have perpetuated imperialism and racism through their acceptance and display of looted artifacts to return them. This article sought to answer the question posed in the call for papers, can the many manifestations of racism be effectively dealt with in our society if the status quo is unwilling to engage with the issues, address them, and relinquish power. Further the author argues that cultural looting has its roots in colonialism and racism and discusses implications of the linkage between one's stolen cultural heritage and individual and community well‐being. Answers to the question include both yes, manifestations of racism can be addressed, and no, they cannot be addressed when institutions and governments refuse to engage, address the issue and do not relinquish power. The article also includes the author's thoughts on using a living heritage approach to preserve cultural heritage and offers suggestions that community psychologists, advocates and activists can help to decolonize museums as part of the broader social and racial justice movement.

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Addressing The Interlocking Impact Of Colonialism And Racism On Filipinx/a/o American Health Inequities

Cited by 32 publications

References 31 publications

Health selection on self-rated health and the healthy migrant effect: Baseline and 1-year results from the health of Philippine Emigrants Study

Health selection on self-rated health and the healthy migrant effect: Baseline and 1-year results from the health of Philippine Emigrants Study

Asian American Representation in Medicine by Career Stage and Residency Specialty

Looted artifacts and museums' perpetuation of imperialism and racism: Implications for the importance of preserving cultural heritage

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