Recently in Japan, the demand for nurses has been increasing in various areas because of a medical reform bill and government amendments to the medical service payment structure. The Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare estimates that there will be a shortage of 15,900 nurses by 2010 1) .As the need for nurses is increasing, the early resignation of newly graduated nurses (NGNs) is becoming a critical issue in Japan. According to a research study concerning NGNs, 18.6% of the 1,219 hospitals surveyed responded that "the early resignation of NGNs will increase in the near future", while 42% of advanced treatment hospitals (n=66) had the same response 2) .High employee turnover negatively affects organizations through the cost of recruitment, reduced productivity, and physical and psychological burdens on employees [3][4][5] . Regarding nurses in particular, a previous study indicated the high cost of the turnover of nurses who had been employed for less than one year 6) . The rapid turnover of NGNs also results in an escalating shortage of veteran nurses 7) .Employees' intentions to leave are the greatest predictor of turnover 4,8,9) . Coomber and Barriball indicated in their literature review that stress and leadership issues continue to exert influence on nurses' intentions to leave, although these results were not always consistent 10) . Regarding intentions to leave among NGNs, there is an Abstract: This study aimed to examine the factors associated with intentions to leave among newly graduated nurses (NGNs), using a longitudinal design. We distributed self-administered questionnaires (to be returned anonymously) to all the NGNs (n=567) in nine advanced treatment hospitals in Japan on two separate occasions (Time 1 and Time 2, which were approximately 6 months apart). The questionnaire items addressed individual attributes, employment and organizational characteristics, and subjective health, and also included the 22-item Job Content Questionnaire, a scale of intentions to leave, and a novel 21-item job readiness scale. The data from 301 NGNs who had participated in both questionnaire instances was used, and a hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted to investigate the factors associated with intentions to leave. The results showed that while psychological distress was a more important predictor of intentions to leave than was cumulative fatigue at Time 1, cumulative fatigue was a more important predictor at Time 2. Among the job stressors, a lack of coworker support consistently led to increased intentions to leave, while a lack of supervisor support had a greater impact on intentions to leave at Time 1. "Being personally suited for nursing work", which was one of the job-readiness subscales, was found to independently and consistently influence intentions to leave. Our study findings revealed the predictors of intentions to leave among NGNs early in their careers in Japan.