Addressing vulnerabilities of the CNS infrastructure to targeted radio interference

Osechas, Okuary; Mohamad, Mostafa; Gräupl, Thomas; Meurer, Michael

doi:10.1109/maes.2017.170020

Cited by 11 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Unfortunately cyber-security for aeronautical communication is still not realized in most deployed systems [22,23]. Terrestrial datalinks such as VDB have a low data rate of 28.416 kbps and no state-of-the-art cyber-security features [24,21,23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flight Trial Demonstration of Secure GBAS via the L-band Digital Aeronautical Communications System (LDACS)

Mäurer

Gräupl

Bellido-Manganell

et al. 2021

IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag.

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The Ground Based Augmentation System (GBAS) is the cornerstone for enabling automated landings without the Instrument Landing System (ILS). Currently GBAS is evolving to GAST-D for CAT III landings. This extends GBAS via the use of multiple frequencies (L1/L2 and L5) and the use of multiple global navigation satellite system constellations. GBAS requires correction data to be broadcast to aircraft. This is currently done with the VHF Data Broadcast (VDB) datalink. However, VDB has several known shortcomings: (1) low throughput, (2) small area of operation and (3) no cyber-security measures. In this paper we propose the use of the L-band Digital Aeronautical Communications System (LDACS) for broadcasting GBAS correction data to address these shortcomings. In flight experiments conducted in 2019, we set up an experimental GBAS installation using LDACS. Broadcast data was secured using the TESLA broadcast authentication protocol. Our results indicate that cryptographically secured GBAS data via LDACS can provide GAST-C and GAST-D services with high availability if cryptographic parameters are chosen appropriately.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flight Trial Demonstration of Secure GBAS via the L-band Digital Aeronautical Communications System (LDACS)

Mäurer

Gräupl

Bellido-Manganell

et al. 2021

IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag.

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“…Research is currently done to protect the availability of LDACS in the physical layer. Here we want to add a protection against Denial of Service (DoS) attacks on higher layers [20], [36]. We propose to use packet filters at each of the entities, controlling the amount of packets traveling from and to a communication partner.…”

Section: G Availability Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When aeronautical telecommunications network, GSC, GS and AS are verified by each other, no unauthorized entity should be able to successfully participate in the LDACS system. However, that does not yet prevent jamming or interfering in the same frequency and is subject to future research, currently done at the German Aerospace Center (DLR) [20], [36].…”

Section: G Availability Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cybersecurity Architecture for the L-band Digital Aeronautical Communications System (LDACS)

Mäurer

Bilzhause

2018

2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)

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With air transportation growing and current civil aeronautical communication systems reaching their capacity limit in high density areas, the need for new aeronautical communication technologies becomes apparent. The biggest challenge in recent years is the transition from analogue voice to digital data communication and the related trend towards an increased autonomous data processing. A promising candidate for the digital future communication infrastructure in continental areas is the terrestrial long-range L-band Digital Aeronautical Communications System (LDACS), which is currently in the process of being standardized by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). As safety and security are strongly intertwined in civil aviation, every installation of LDACS requires protection against cyber-attacks. This paper introduces a cybersecurity architecture for LDACS and proposes suitable security algorithm, which can achieve the security objectives on top of the architecture. Therefore we integrate new security functions within the existing protocol stack of LDACS. We provide an architecture for user data encryption, data integrity, authenticated key agreement, entity authentication, broadcast channel protection, and key and access management.

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“…From [7] we adopted the concept that likelihood of an actual attack consists of motivation of the attacker and technical difficulty to perform the attack. Thus, the following holds true: The higher the motivation and the lower the difficulty, the higher the possibility of an attack.…”

Section: Likelihoodmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The L-band Digital Aeronautical Communications System (LDACS) is a candidate for future air-to-ground communications that has been developed in cooperation between the German Aerospace Center (DLR) [2], Frequentis AG [4], and the University of Salzburg in Austria [5,6]. With the change from analogue to digital wireless communications, LDACS requires a thorough IT security analysis in order to protect the system properly against threats from the IT sector [7]. Project ICONAV 1 was a first attempt to perform this analysis and to develop a ''base line protection'' security architecture for LDACS that was not yet comprehensive [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paving the way for an IT security architecture for LDACS: A datalink security threat- and risk analysis

Mäurer¹

2018

2018 Integrated Communications, Navigation, Surveillance Conference (ICNS)

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With air transportation growing and current civil aeronautical communication systems reaching their capacity limit in high density areas, the need for new aeronautical communication technologies becomes apparent. This implies the transition from analogue voice to digital data communication. A promising candidate for terrestrial air-ground communication is the L-band Digital Aeronautical Communications System (LDACS). LDACS is currently in the process of being standardized in ICAO. Being integrated in the aeronautical telecommunication network and providing a digital communication link for safety critical applications, each and every installation of LDACS requires protection against cyber-attacks. A rigorous threat and risk analysis is the fundamental basis to derive an IT security architecture for LDACS. The objective of this paper is to identify safety relevant air traffic management services, perform a threat and risk analysis, and define attacker types. Having created a threat catalog, we introduce a threat rating system allowing us to set our findings in a qualitative context and pave the way for a future LDACS IT security architecture.

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Addressing vulnerabilities of the CNS infrastructure to targeted radio interference

Cited by 11 publications

References 7 publications

Flight Trial Demonstration of Secure GBAS via the L-band Digital Aeronautical Communications System (LDACS)

Flight Trial Demonstration of Secure GBAS via the L-band Digital Aeronautical Communications System (LDACS)

A Cybersecurity Architecture for the L-band Digital Aeronautical Communications System (LDACS)

Paving the way for an IT security architecture for LDACS: A datalink security threat- and risk analysis

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