Adenine-induced animal model of chronic kidney disease: current applications and future perspectives

Yang, Qiao; Su, Songya; Luo, Nan; Cao, Gang

doi:10.1080/0886022x.2024.2336128

Renal Failure

2024

DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2336128

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Adenine-induced animal model of chronic kidney disease: current applications and future perspectives

Qiao Yang,

Songya Su,

Nan Luo

et al.

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2024

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Cited by 2 publications

References 248 publications

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Investigating the cause of cardiovascular dysfunction in chronic kidney disease: capillary rarefaction and inflammation may contribute to detrimental cardiovascular outcomes

Beikoghli Kalkhoran,

Basalay,

et al. 2024

Basic Res Cardiol

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Myocardial ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The most frequently used and representative experimental model is the rat dietary adenine-induced CKD, which leads to CKD-associated CVD. However, the continued intake of adenine is a potential confounding factor. This study investigated cardiovascular dysfunction following brief adenine exposure, CKD development and return to a normal diet. Male Wistar rats received a 0.3% adenine diet for 10 weeks and normal chow for an additional 8 weeks. Kidney function was assessed by urinalysis and histology. Heart function was assessed by echocardiography. Sensitivity to myocardial IR injury was assessed using the isolated perfused rat heart (Langendorff) model. The inflammation profile of rats with CKD was assessed via cytokine ELISA, tissue histology and RNA sequencing. Induction of CKD was confirmed by a significant increase in plasma creatinine and albuminuria. Histology revealed extensive glomerular and tubular damage. Diastolic dysfunction, measured by the reduction of the E/A ratio, was apparent in rats with CKD even following a normal diet. Hearts from rats with CKD had significantly larger infarcts after IR injury. The CKD rats also had statistically higher levels of markers of inflammation including myeloperoxidase, KIM-1 and interleukin-33. RNA sequencing revealed several changes including an increase in inflammatory signaling pathways. In addition, we noted that CKD induced significant cardiac capillary rarefaction. We have established a modified model of adenine-induced CKD, which leads to cardiovascular dysfunction in the absence of adenine. Our observations of capillary rarefaction and inflammation suggest that these may contribute to detrimental cardiovascular outcomes.

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Investigating the cause of cardiovascular dysfunction in chronic kidney disease: capillary rarefaction and inflammation may contribute to detrimental cardiovascular outcomes

Beikoghli Kalkhoran,

Basalay,

et al. 2024

Basic Res Cardiol

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A Study on the Biological Characteristics of Kidney Yin Deficiency and Kidney Yang Deficiency Models in SPF-grade Kunming Mice

Li,

Yang

et al. 2024

BIO Web Conf.

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Objective: To investigate the establishment and biological characteristics of Kidney Yin Deficiency (KYD) and Kidney Yang Deficiency (KYD) models in Specific Pathogen Free (SPF)-grade Kunming mice. Methods: Seventy-two SPF-grade Kunming mice were randomly divided into KYD, KYD, and blank control groups. The KYD group received subcutaneous injections of hydrocortisone at 50 mg/kg for 5 days, while the KYD group received 25 mg/kg for 10 days. Various physiological parameters were measured after modeling. Results: Compared to the control group, the KYD and KYD groups showed significant differences in body weight gain, food intake, urine volume, cold water swimming time, grasping irritability, active grid crossings, epididymal sperm count, and active sperm count (P < 0.05). The KYD group had higher isolation-induced aggression scores (P < 0.05), while the KYD group had lower rectal and tail temperatures (P < 0.05). Compared to the KYD group, the KYD group had higher tail and rectal temperatures and increased active grid crossings (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The hydrocortisone-induced KYD and KYD models in mice exhibited corresponding symptoms and biological characteristics, reflecting the features of these syndromes in Traditional Chinese Medicine. This study provides a foundation for further research on Kidney deficiency models.

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Adenine-induced animal model of chronic kidney disease: current applications and future perspectives

Cited by 2 publications

References 248 publications

Investigating the cause of cardiovascular dysfunction in chronic kidney disease: capillary rarefaction and inflammation may contribute to detrimental cardiovascular outcomes

Investigating the cause of cardiovascular dysfunction in chronic kidney disease: capillary rarefaction and inflammation may contribute to detrimental cardiovascular outcomes

A Study on the Biological Characteristics of Kidney Yin Deficiency and Kidney Yang Deficiency Models in SPF-grade Kunming Mice

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