Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) as crucial regulators in cardiovascular diseases: structures, pathogenesis, and potential therapeutic approach

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of diseases that have a major impact on global health and are the leading cause of death. A large number of chemical base modifications in ribonucleic acid (RNA) are associated with cardiovascular diseases. A variety of ribonucleic acid modifications exist in cells, among which adenosine deaminase-dependent modification is one of the most common ribonucleic acid modifications. Adenosine deaminase acting on ribonucleic acid 1 (Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1) is a widely expressed double-stranded ribonucleic acid adenosine deaminase that forms inosine (A-to-I) by catalyzing the deamination of adenosine at specific sites of the target ribonucleic acid. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the structure of Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 and summarize the regulatory mechanisms of ADAR1-mediated ribonucleic acid editing in cardiovascular diseases, indicating Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 as a promising therapeutic target in cardiovascular diseases.

Revealing the hidden RBP–RNA interactions with RNA modification enzyme‐based strategies

“…RNA editing can alter the structure and function of RNA, thus playing crucial roles in biological systems. Therefore, ADAR-mediated RNA editing is associated with many human diseases (Chen et al, 2023;Nishikura, 2010;Slotkin & Nishikura, 2013;Song et al, 2022), including cancer (Chen et al, 2013), neurological disorders (Nakahama et al, 2021;Yang et al, 2021), metabolic disorders (Knebel et al, 2024), and immune diseases (Cai et al, 2023;Quin et al, 2021).…”