Adenosine deaminase activity in normal pregnancy and pregnancy associated disorders

Abstract

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is an enzyme of purine salvage pathway and has two important isoenzymes ADA1 and ADA2. The activity of ADA has been changed in diseases characterized by altered cell-mediated immunity. It was observed that total serum ADA activity was decreased during normal pregnancy compared with non-pregnant women. However, total serum ADA activity and serum ADA2 activity was increased in hyperemesis gravidarum and pre-eclampsia in pregnant women. Less information is available regarding role of ADA in abortions (recurrent and missed) and anembryonic pregnancies. Here, we review the activity of ADA and its isoenzymes. Despite these findings, it will be interesting to know whether activity of ADA will be same if ADA is estimated throughout the pregnancy and in pregnancy related complications from early first trimester to third trimester, as all studies until now were carried out at a particular stage of pregnancy.

Platelet aggregation and serum adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in pregnancy associated with diabetes, hypertension and HIV

“…In another study, healthy pregnant women had lower serum ADA, ADA‐1 and ADA‐2 activities than that of healthy non‐pregnant women . In a similar research conducted, the total serum ADA activity was decreased during NP compared with non‐pregnant women . However, total serum ADA activity and serum ADA2 activity were observed to be elevated in hyperemesis gravidarum and pre‐eclampsia in pregnant women .…”

“…25 However, total serum ADA activity and serum ADA2 activity were observed to be elevated in hyperemesis gravidarum and pre-eclampsia in pregnant women. 25 ADA activities were elevated in gestational diabetic mellitus, 26 among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals 27 and women with hyperemesis gravidarum. 28 These authors did not put into consideration other possible pathological status of pregnancy and pregnancy-associated complications.…”

The Role of G22 A Adenosine Deaminase 1 Gene Polymorphism and the Activities of ADA Isoenzymes in Fertile and Infertile Men

“…Bottini et al have reported that there is a lower frequency of GA genotype among infertile couples and women who have recurrent miscarriages [17]. However, most studies about relation of ADA with fertility were conducted on women [9,[18][19][20].…”

Evaluation of the adenosine deaminase (ADA) G22A gene polymorphism with recurrent spontaneous abortion among Egyptian patients

“…Adenosine deaminase is present in virtually all mammalian cells; its primary function in humans is the development and maintenance of the immune system. The activity of ADA has been changed in diseases characterised by altered cell-mediated immunity [ 8 ]. Lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation requires ADA [ 9 , 10 ].…”

“…Adenosine deaminase activity is critical in maintaining a normal pregnancy [ 12 , 13 ]. It was observed that total serum ADA activity was decreased during normal pregnancy compared with non-pregnant women [ 8 ]. One possible explanation for decreased ADA activity in normal pregnancy is due to the increase in pregnancy-related hormones such as oestradiol and cortisol, which tend to inhibit ADA activity [ 14 ].…”