The claim, made in 1939 by Engelhardt & Lyubimova, that the structural protein, myosin, was itself the enzyme responsible for the dephosphorylation of adenosinetriphosphate (ATP) in muscle, has since been often contested. No evidence could be found to the contrary by Bailey (1942) and Needham (1942), but Polis & Meyerhof (1946, 1947) do not consider that myosin possesses, homogeneously, adenosinetriphosphatase (ATP-ase) activity. They contend that ATP-ase is absorbed on to myosin, like the potato apyrase in Kalckar's (1944) experiments. Various reviews of the controversy exist (Engelhardt, 1946; Polis & Meyerhof, 1947). However, apart from this ATP-ase, which may or may not be myosin itself, Sakov (1941), a member of the Engelhardt school, reported a distinct nonmyosin ATP-ase in aqueous extracts of muscle. The existence of such an enzyme is supported by calculations of Mommaerts & Seraidarian (1947) and Braverman & Morgulis (1948). The enzyme described by Sakov (1941) differs from myosin ATP-ase in solubility, pH optimum, and the extent ofhydrolysis which it effects. It is not clear if this enzyme bears