Adenoviral vector‐based platforms for developing effective vaccines to combat respiratory viral infections

Abstract

Since the development of the first vaccine against smallpox over two centuries ago, vaccination strategies have been at the forefront of significantly impacting the incidences of infectious diseases globally. However, the increase in the human population, deforestation and climate change, and the rise in worldwide travel have favored the emergence of new viruses with the potential to cause pandemics. The ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pandemic is a cruel reminder of the impact of novel pathogens and the suboptimal capabilities of conventional vaccines. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new vaccine strategies that allow the production of billions of doses in a short duration and are broadly protective against emerging and re‐emerging infectious diseases. Extensive knowledge of the molecular biology and immunology of adenoviruses (Ad) has favored Ad vectors as platforms for vaccine design. The Ad‐based vaccine platform represents an attractive strategy as it induces robust humoral and cell‐mediated immune responses and can meet the global demand in a pandemic situation. This review describes the status of Ad vector‐based vaccines in preclinical and clinical studies for current and emerging respiratory viruses, particularly coronaviruses, influenza viruses and respiratory syncytial viruses.

Intramuscular mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 induces robust neutralizing salivary IgA

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A nanoparticle-based COVID-19 vaccine candidate elicits broad neutralizing antibodies and protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection

“…. The adenovirus vector 5 , used to transport the DNA encoding for the S antigen to the nucleus of the patient's cells was one of the first vaccine available against SARS-CoV-2 6 . However, a slight increase in the rate of intracranial venous thrombosis (ICTV) and thrombocytopenia in adults >70 years were reported in patients receiving the ChAdOx-1-S vaccine based on an adenovirus of simian origin 7.…”

GenomeBits insight into omicron and delta variants of coronavirus pathogen

“…GenomeBits may shed light on the bioinformatics surveillance behind future infectious diseases. By a comparison of numerical results, it may be also of some relevance to assist in further developments of synthetic mRNA-based vaccine designs [ 13 , 21 ]. Such comparative genomic statistical representations can offer insights on the inherent data organization during the natural evolution of pandemic.…”