Adenovirus: Current Epidemiology and Emerging Approaches to Prevention and Treatment

Abstract

Infections caused by adenoviruses are associated with significant morbidity and mortality in both hematopoietic stem cell and solid organ transplant recipients. The risk seems to be highest in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients as well as heart, lung and small-bowel transplant recipients. Management of these infections may be difficult and includes reduction of immunosuppression whenever possible combined sometimes with antiviral therapy (mainly cidofovir). The currently available antiviral therapy is limited by the need for intravenous administration, potentially significant renal and hematologic toxicities. New emerging therapies such as brincidofovir and transfusion of adenovirus-specific T-lymphocytes may increase the available armamentarium for these potentially life-threatening infections.

Use of a biosynthetic intermediate to explore the chemical diversity of pseudo-natural fungal polyketides

“…Adenovirus is categorized into a highly infective non-enveloped virus family and causes various infectious diseases, including pharyngitis, conjunctivitis and haemorrhagic cystitis 34 . Cidofovir, a clinically available compound for treating herpes viruses, has been investigated as a possible candidate for the treatment of adenovirus infections, but has only shown a marginal effect 35,36 .…”

Cidofovir and brincidofovir reduce the pathology caused by systemic infection with human type 5 adenovirus in immunosuppressed Syrian hamsters, while ribavirin is largely ineffective in this model

“…CDV is the most commonly employed anti-Ad therapy, even though no controlled clinical study has been performed with CDV (Matthes-Martin et al, 2013;Matthes-Martin et al, 2012;Sandkovsky et al, 2014). The drawback of this drug in humans is significant nephrotoxicity, which makes the protracted use of CDV contraindicated.…”

Mapping the epitope of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against human adenovirus type 3

“…Human adenoviruses (HAdV) can cause a broad spectrum of diseases in both pediatric and adult patients, such as acute respiratory infection, acute gastroenteritis, and epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (Lenaerts et al, 2008;Sandkovsky et al, 2014). To date, seven species including more than 68 genotypes have been characterized and defined by genomics and bioinformatics (Dehghan et al, 2012;Robinson et al, 2013).…”