Adenovirus infection is associated with altered gut microbial communities in a non-human primate

Abstract

Adenovirus (AdV) infections are one of the main causes of diarrhea in young children. Enteric AdVs probably disrupt gut microbial defences, which can result in diarrhea. To understand the role of the gut microbiome in AdV-induced pathologies, we investigated the gut microbiome of a naturally AdV-infected non-human primate species, the Malagasy mouse lemur (Microcebus griseorufus), which represents an important model in understanding the evolution of diseases. We observed that AdV infection is associated with disruption of the gut microbial community composition. In AdV+ lemurs, several commensal taxa essential for a healthy gut microbiome decreased, whereas genera containing potential pathogens, such as Neisseria, increased in abundance. Microbial co-occurrence networks revealed a loss of important microbial community interactions in AdV+ lemurs and an overrepresentation of Prevotellaceae. The observation of enteric virus-associated loss of commensal bacteria and associated shifts towards pathobionts may represent the missing link for a better understanding of AdV-induced effects in humans, and also for their potential as drivers of co-infections, an area of research that has been largely neglected so far.

The Effect of Transitioning between Feeding Methods on the Gut Microbiota Dynamics of Yaks on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

“…On the genus level, Gammaproteobacteria belongs to Proteobacteria, and Coriobacteriia belongs to Actinobacteria. Coriobacteriia is effective against some diseases [37], and this information further proves the supposition. In summary, the main cause of gut micro-ecology disorder is inflammation caused by microbiota.…”

“…Shin et al [35] found Proteobacteria to be an indicators of gut microbiota disorder; in our study, the Proteobacteria increased in D1 and decreased by D4, and Actinobacteria increased in D4. In previous studies, certain Actinobacteria produce antibiotics that kill pathogenic bacteria [36,37]. This may connote that the sudden transition of diet had adverse effects on the animals, and they self-regulated this unstable state.…”

COVID-19 and the Gut Microbiome: More than a Gut Feeling

“…Changes to a proinflammatory gut microbiome have also been observed for other respiratory viruses, including adenovirus. Several commensal taxa essential for a healthy gut microbiome decreased, whereas genera containing potential pathogens, such as Neisseria , increased in abundance upon adenovirus infection in a lemur model ( 12 ). It should be noted that gut microbiome dysbiosis is often an underlying condition in patients suffering from diabetes, obesity, and autoimmune and aging-related diseases, the highest risk groups for severe COVID-19 ( 13 ), and that GI symptoms are often indicative of severe COVID-19 complications.…”

Non-Human Primate-Derived Adenoviruses for Future Use as Oncolytic Agents?

“…In NHPs, adenoviruses also primarily infect infants and are not associated with severe disease [ 75 , 76 ]. Persistent adenoviral infection in a NHP species was shown to associate with an altered microbiome [ 77 ]. In addition, live adenoviruses are persistently shed from NHPs [ 78 ].…”