Adenovirus, Influenza Virus A, B and Respiratory Syncitial Virus Infection in Children

Barati, Mitra; Noorbakhsh, S.; Tabatabaei, Azardokht; Taj, Farideh Ebrahimi; Talebi-Taher, Mahshid

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2008.05.165

Cited by 6 publications

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“…Similar to the present study, optic neuritis and encephalitis (but not aseptic meningitis) were common in at least three other studies (8,11,13). Suzuki et al reported GBS as a common presentation after M. pneumonia infection (10).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Suzuki et al reported GBS as a common presentation after M. pneumonia infection (10). Results of present study is very close to 2% positive PCR reported by Christie et al (14) and Candler et al (3 cases:1 encephalopathy;1 seizures;1 optic neuritis) (11).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…M. pneumonia infection may presents as asymptomatic, upper or lower respiratory infection (1). Most infection happens after 4th year of life in Iranian children (10)(11)(12). Up to 18 million young populations living in Iran, which are susceptible for M. pneumonia infection (respiratory and neurologic).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The positive PCR in the serum and CSF are reliable for diagnosing the recent infection (10)(11)(12)(13)(14). M. pneumonia (DNA-PCR) was the most common agent implicated in unexplained encephalitis in the California Encephalitis Project (14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mycoplasma pneumonia in Cerebrospinal Fluids of Febrile Children With Neurologic Manifestations: A Cross Sectional Study: Tehran, Iran

Noorbakhsh

Zarabi

Shamshiri

et al. 2013

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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Background:The clinical spectrum of Mycoplasma pneumoniae CNS diseases had a wide range. Encephalitis and meningoencephalitis are the most frequent neurological manifestations, but cases of optic neuritis, transverse myelitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), etc. have been reported Objectives: To determine the role of M. pneumonia (using PCR and serologically test) in Cerebro Spinal Fluid (CSF) in febrile children with neurologic manifestations (in comparison with normal CSF). Materials and Methods:This cross sectional study was done in pediatric wards of Rasoul hospital in Tehran between 2008 -2010 upon 55 febrile cases with neurological signs and 10 controls with normal CSF (simple febrile seizure). The CSF samples tested for M. pneumonia DNA (PCR); and Immune Globulin G (IgG) level. Chi square values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Positive PCR found in 1 case with Guillan Barre syndrome (1/53; 2%) and none of controls; IgG-CSF level (Cut off 0.0025) had significant difference between cases and controls (Kappa = 0.27, P Value = 0.000). The lowest and highest IgG level observed in aseptic meningitis, and convulsive cases respectively. 73% sensitivity; 90% specificity; 100% Variance (PPV); 28.8% Net Present Value (NPV) determined for IgG-CSF test. Conclusions: Even, very low amount of CSF-IgG with good specificity (90%); could differentiate cases and controls (P = 0.000). The CSF-IgG test (sensitivity 70%, NPV 28.8%) was weak for ruling out the M. pneumonia in cases. positive PCR was rare (2%) in CSF of cases and controls but is more reliable for diagnosing the recent M. pneumonia infection. We prefer to assay the CSF for both serology and PCR in highly suspicious cases. Anti-microbial or immune modulating therapies had possible benefits.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mycoplasma pneumonia in Cerebrospinal Fluids of Febrile Children With Neurologic Manifestations: A Cross Sectional Study: Tehran, Iran

Noorbakhsh

Zarabi

Shamshiri

et al. 2013

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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“…Even though URI is considered a relatively harmless and benign disease it has a tremendous impact on the society, particularly on the health care system. In developing countries it is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, especially when followed by bacterial complications [1][2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aetiology of upper respiratory tract infections in children in Arak City: A community based study

Kahbazi

Fahmizad

Armin

et al. 2011

Acta Microbiologica Et Immunologica Hungarica

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Viruses are frequent causes of upper respiratory tract infections in children. We investigated the viral aetiology of community-acquired upper respiratory tract infections (URIs) in young children treated as outpatients in community settings. During November 2008, nasal swab specimens were taken from children with recent onset of upper respiratory tract infections. The patients attended day care or primary schools; the specimens were randomly obtained by pediatricians from schools and childcare institutions and sent for identification by PCR method. A total of 300 specimens were collected. From all samples, 40.67% were positive for at least 1 virus, viz. adenovirus 11.76%, rhinovirus 9.8%, respiratory syncytial virus 6.08%, influenza virus 5.56%, parainfluenza virus 4.9%, enterovirus 2.94% and a combination of 2 viruses 2%. Clinical manifestations of the respiratory infections were as follows: 70.7% of the patients had coryza, 69.3% cough, 26% sneezing, 19.7% sore throat, 2.7% headache, 7.7% fever, 2.3% conjunctivitis, 1.3% abdominal pain and 1% hoarseness. The results of this study demonstrate that adenoviruses and rhinoviruses are the two most common viral agents isolated from pediatric outpatients with acute URIs in autumn in Arak City. Coryza and cough were the most common symptoms in children. Sore throat and hoarseness were more prevalent in infections caused by influenza virus, conjunctivitis in parainfluenza, and coryza in rhinovirus infections.

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Multicenter study to describe viral etiologies, clinical profiles, and outcomes of hospitalized children with severe acute respiratory infections, Egypt 2022

Kandeel,

Fahim,

Deghedy

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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In late 2022, severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) surveillance reported an abrupt increase in non-COVID-19 infections among children after three years of drastic reductions. Signals of increased absenteeism due to respiratory symptoms among primary and preparatory school children were detected by Event-Based Surveillance. We conducted a hospital-based survey of children who were admitted with SARI to identify the causative pathogen(s) and estimate the burden of infection. A survey was conducted among children < 16 years in 21 referral hospitals in the three governorates with the highest SARI rates. Patients’ demographics, clinical symptoms, and severity were collected from medical records using a line list. Patients were swabbed and tested for a panel of 33 respiratory pathogens by RT-PCR at the Central Laboratory in Cairo. Descriptive data analysis was performed for demographic data. Patients’ characteristics were compared by causative agents’ clinical picture and severity using Chi2 with a p < 0.05 significance. Overall, 317 patients were enrolled, 58.3% were ≤ 1 year of age, 61.5% were males. Of 229 (72.7%) of positively tested patients, viruses caused 92.1% including RSV 63.8%, Rhinovirus 10.0%, Influenza 9.2%, Adenovirus 5.2%, and 1.3% co-infected with two viruses. Bacteria caused 3.5% of cases and 4.4% had mixed viral-bacterial infections. Rhinovirus was the most common cause of death among children with SARI, followed by RSV (8.7% and 1.4%), whereas influenza and Adenovirus did not result in any deaths. Patients with viral-bacterial infections are more likely to be admitted to ICU and die at the hospital than bacterial or viral infections (60% and 20% vs. 31.8% and 1.9% vs. 12.5% and 12.5%, p < 0.001). Viruses particularly RSV are the leading cause of SARI causing significant health problem among children < 16 years in Egypt. Bacterial on top of viral infection can worsen disease courses and outcomes. Studies are required to estimate the SARI burden accurately among Egyptian children and a comprehensive approach tailored to Egypt is necessary to reduce its burden.

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Adenovirus, Influenza Virus A, B and Respiratory Syncitial Virus Infection in Children

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Mycoplasma pneumonia in Cerebrospinal Fluids of Febrile Children With Neurologic Manifestations: A Cross Sectional Study: Tehran, Iran

Mycoplasma pneumonia in Cerebrospinal Fluids of Febrile Children With Neurologic Manifestations: A Cross Sectional Study: Tehran, Iran

Aetiology of upper respiratory tract infections in children in Arak City: A community based study

Multicenter study to describe viral etiologies, clinical profiles, and outcomes of hospitalized children with severe acute respiratory infections, Egypt 2022

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