“…In recent years artificial intelligence (AI) has been applied in diverse problem domains to solve various challenging problems including student engagement [10], virtual reality exposure therapy [11], text classification [12,13,14,15], cyber security [16,17,18,19], neurological disease detection [20,21,22] and management [23,24,25,26,27,28], elderly care [29,30], biological data mining [31,32], fighting pandemic [33,34,35,36,37,38,39], and healthcare service delivery [40,41,42]. In particular, convolutional neural network (CNN) has recently accomplished remarkable achievements in Pathology Informatics [43,44,45] and Bioinformatics [46,47,48], suggesting that CNN has the ability to solve these challenges.…”