Adequacy of iron intakes and socio-demographic factors associated with iron intakes of Australian pre-schoolers

Atkins, Linda A.; McNaughton, Sarah A.; Spence, Alison C.; Szymlek‐Gay, Ewa A.

doi:10.1007/s00394-019-01897-7

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…The independent association found between iron status and a history of prematurity, remaining even after taking into account iron supplementation, suggests that this sub-population at high risk of ID should benefit from more specific prevention and monitoring of iron status, as previously found [44,45]. "Exclusive" breastfeeding beyond 6 months is a classical risk factor for ID [46], but it was not independently associated with iron status in our study, probably because assessment of iron status occurred late, at 24 months, and many other nutritional factors may have intervened between 7 and 24 months.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 53%

Young children formula consumption and iron deficiency at 24 months in the general population: A national-level study

et al. 2021

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 53%

Young children formula consumption and iron deficiency at 24 months in the general population: A national-level study

et al. 2021

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“…As in other HICs (19,45,46), this study highlights fortified cereals, meat, meat products, and DYC as key food sources of 1 For details of current dietary intakes, see Tables 1 and 2. AI, adequate intake; EAR, estimated average requirement; EFSA, European Food Safety Authority; IOM, Institute of Medicine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Diet modeling which excluded all high-sugar cereals and processed meat thus resulted in shortfalls in predicted iron intakes in 1-to 3-y-olds. Iron intake shortfalls in young children are common in HICs, estimated to affect 26% of 12-to 23-moolds (18) and 10% of 2-to 5-y-olds (45), and deficiency can be exacerbated by enteropathogenic infection in LMICs (47). This is of concern because iron deficiency anemia in young children can impair cognitive development (48).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing nutrient shortfalls in 1- to 5-year-old Irish children using diet modeling: development of a protocol for use in country-specific population health

Lyons

Kerr

McNulty

et al. 2022

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Background Dietary habits formed in early childhood can track into later life with important impacts on health. Food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) may have a role in improving population health but are lacking for young children. Objectives We aimed to establish a protocol for addressing nutrient shortfalls in 1- to 5-y-old children (12–60 mo) using diet modeling in a population-based sample. Methods Secondary analysis of 2010–2011 Irish National Pre-School Nutrition Survey data (n = 500) was conducted to identify typical food consumption patterns in 1- to 5-y-olds. Nutrient intakes were assessed against dietary reference values [European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and Institute of Medicine (IOM)]. To address nutrient shortfalls using diet modeling, 4-d food patterns were developed to assess different milk-feeding scenarios (human milk, whole or low-fat cow milk, and fortified milks) within energy requirement ranges aligned with the WHO growth standards. FBDGs to address nutrient shortfalls were established based on 120 food patterns. Results Current mean dietary intakes for the majority of 1- to 5-y-olds failed to meet reference values (EFSA) for vitamin D (≤100%), vitamin E (≤88%), DHA (22:6n–3) + EPA (20:5n–3) (IOM; ≤82%), and fiber (≤63%), whereas free sugars intakes exceeded recommendations of <10% energy (E) for 48% of 1- to 3-y-olds and 75% of 4- to 5-y-olds. “Human milk + Cow milk” was the only milk-feeding scenario modeled that predicted sufficient DHA + EPA among 1- to 3-y-olds. Vitamin D shortfalls were not correctable in any milk-feeding scenario, even with supplementation (5 µg/d), apart from the “Follow-up Formula + Fortified drink” scenario in 1- to 3-y-olds (albeit free sugars intakes were estimated at 12%E compared with ≤5%E as provided by other scenarios). Iron and vitamin E shortfalls were most prevalent in scenarios for 1- to 3-y-olds at ≤25th growth percentile. Conclusions Using WHO growth standards and international reference values, this study provides a protocol for addressing nutrient shortfalls among 1- to 5-y-olds, which could be applied in country-specific population health.

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“…Although children included in present study had adequate protein intake ( Supplementary Table 1), caregivers must change their perception toward protein, placing increased importance therein. Moreover, meat has been considered an important source of iron, which is also required for preventing anemia among children (34). Although some vegetables do contain iron, meat provides heme iron that is highly bioavailable (35).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Caregiver's Perception of “Good” Dietary Habits and Food Group Intake Among Preschool Children in Tokyo, Japan

et al. 2020

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Given that parents are mainly responsible for a preschooler's dietary management, they need to understand a child's diet. However, few studies have examined the association between parental perception of a preschool child's "good" dietary habits and actual food intake. We conducted a cross-sectional study investigating whether a child's food intake would differ depending on the caregiver's perception of their child's dietary habits among 4-year-old nursery school children at Adachi City, Tokyo, Japan. Children's dietary data were collected using the brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire for children Aged 3-6 Years (BDHQ3y), while caregivers' perceptions of their child's dietary habits (good, normal, and poor) were inquired (N = 136). The percentage of caregivers who perceived their child's dietary habit as good, normal, and poor was 41.2, 40.4, and 18.4%, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that children whose caregivers perceived their diet as poor showed lower intakes of vegetables [β = −48.7, 95% confidence interval (CI): −86.1 to −11.2], beans (β = −13.2, 95% CI: −26.1 to −0.3), and fish and shellfish (β = −9.2, 95% CI: −17.5 to −1.0) and higher intakes of fat and oil (β = 1.7, 95% CI: 0.4 to 3.1), confectionaries (β = 11.9, 95% CI: 3.6 to 20.3), and soft drinks (β = 31.2, 95% CI: 3.5 to 59.0) compared to children whose caregivers perceived their diet as good (all measures are in g/1,000 kcal per day). No significant difference was observed in other food groups, such as dairy products, an important source of protein and calcium for children. The current study may therefore guide future nutritional education programs for parents of preschool children.

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Adequacy of iron intakes and socio-demographic factors associated with iron intakes of Australian pre-schoolers

Cited by 11 publications

References 50 publications

Young children formula consumption and iron deficiency at 24 months in the general population: A national-level study

Young children formula consumption and iron deficiency at 24 months in the general population: A national-level study

Addressing nutrient shortfalls in 1- to 5-year-old Irish children using diet modeling: development of a protocol for use in country-specific population health

Association Between Caregiver's Perception of “Good” Dietary Habits and Food Group Intake Among Preschool Children in Tokyo, Japan

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