Adequately iodized salt is an important strategy to prevent iodine insufficiency in pregnant women living in Central Java, Indonesia

Kusrini, Ina; Farebrother, Jessica; Mulyantoro, Donny Kristanto

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0242575

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Mothers participated in this study were the same as the study on iodine sufficiency among pregnant women in the previous years. Simple random sampling was used to determine the participants of the research [15]. The sampling frame for this study was 244 mothers which completed the earlier year study, 213 of them complete the pregnancy until having babies and complete this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family Characteristics and Anemia in Relation to Preference and Food Variety in Infant Complementary Food

Latifah¹,

Riyanto²

2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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After exclusive breastfeeding periods (6 months), complementary food becomes critical for infant health. To identify the preference and food variety in homemade complementary food, and correlate it with family characteristics and anemia in infant, we conducted a cross-sectional studies. Participants were 51 pairs of infants (6-10 months old) and their mothers in Magelang regency, Central Java, Indonesia. Questionnaires on family characteristics and complimentary food were used. Infant Haemoglobin (Hb) levels measured. This study showed, most mothers selected homemade (64.7%). Almost all infant had anemia (93.9%) and low variation in homemade complementary food (87.9%). The food ingredients used were dominated by rice (72.7%) and vegetables (84.8%). Tubers (3%), nuts (3%), and animal protein sources (15.5%) were least selected. Parental characteristics were not related to the instant or homemade preference (p> 0.05). Higher maternal age (r=0.38; p<0.05) and more food ingredients in homemade complementary food (r=0.92; p<0.05) related to higher Hb level. Since more food ingredients related to lower risk of anemia, enhancing complementary food variation in 6-12 months infant is urgently required. Education for families to assure nutritional sufficiency on 6-12 months infant complementary foods should be easy to access and relevant to the availability of local food ingredients

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family Characteristics and Anemia in Relation to Preference and Food Variety in Infant Complementary Food

Latifah¹,

Riyanto²

2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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“…Rajput et al and Kusrini et al studied pregnant women who did not consume iodine-containing vitamins and minerals and they found that UIE decreased with increasing gestational age [16], [24]. Further research is needed to link mercury contamination levels, iodine status, and salt consumption.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of offspring thyroid function and maternal iodine status in iodine deficient-coastal area

Ekawanti,

As’ad,

Natsir

et al. 2024

IJPHS

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Thyroid hormone is vital for children's growth and metabolism, relying on sufficient iodine levels for synthesis. Maternal intake determines iodine supply to fetuses and children under two years old. This study aimed to correlate offspring thyroid function with maternal iodine status in coastal areas. A cohort study was conducted, involving pregnant coastal residents. Maternal urinary iodine levels were measured via the ammonium persulfate method, while offspring thyroid stimulating hormones (TSHs) and free thyroxine hormone (fT4) levels were assessed using electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA). Iodine intake was determined through a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The correlation between offspring thyroid function and maternal iodine status was analyzed using Pearson’s correlation test. Differences in TSHs and fT4 levels among iodine status groups were examined using the One way-ANOVA test. Maternal iodine status was insufficient with a median urinary iodine of 125 μg/L, resulting in a 60.8% prevalence of iodine insufficiency. Iodine intake (62.20±43.45 μg/day) fell short of recommended levels (RDA). Offspring TSH was 2.29±1.07 μIU/mL, fT4 was 1.26±0.14 ng/dL. TSH and fT4 concentrations showed no significant inter-group differences (p=0.852, p=0.075). Offspring thyroid function did not correlate with maternal iodine status (TSHs: p=0.314; fT4: p=0.258). Offspring thyroid function did not correlate to maternal iodine status in a population of iodine-insufficient and mercury-contaminated coastal areas.

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“…Meanwhile, a study in suburb area of Central Java, Indonesia, showed that 13.8% of pregnant women had low median urinary iodine concentration (<150 μg/L), this proportion increased in each trimester. The biggest source of daily iodine consumption was iodized salt, while food sources of iodine were less consumed in pregnant women ( 123 ). The previous study confirmed that iodized salt and daily supplementation of iodine capsules had similar effects in determining the iodine status and thyroid hormones.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient intakes of pregnant and lactating women in Indonesia and Malaysia: Systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2023

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IntroductionOptimizing dietary intake during pregnancy and lactation is crucial to the growth and development of children and their lifelong health. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to describe the nutrient intakes of pregnant and lactating women in Indonesia and Malaysia, countries that are experiencing rapid nutrition transition in Southeast Asia.MethodsWe screened 2,258 studies published between January 1980 and March 2021. The nutrient intakes of pregnant and lactating women were quantitatively analyzed to calculate the percentage of adequacy using national recommended daily allowances or nutrient intakes (RDA/RNI) and estimated average requirements (EAR) for micronutrients. Standardized mean differences (SMD) between dietary intake and RDA/RNI were determined for selected nutrients.ResultsFifty-three studies were included and showed that energy and macronutrient intakes among pregnant and lactating women in both countries were below the RDA/RNI. In addition, most studies reported that women failed to meet the EAR for vitamin D (<70% EAR), vitamin E (<50% EAR), and water-soluble vitamins (<80% EAR) except for vitamin C and A among Malaysians. Moreover, calcium, potassium, and iron intakes of pregnant women were <60% EAR in Indonesia and <80% EAR in Malaysia. Phosphorus intake among pregnant women in both countries and sodium intake among Malaysian pregnant women exceeded 100% EAR. Indonesian lactating women had <60% EAR for calcium and potassium intakes, while Malaysian women had more than 100% EAR. For 21 studies reporting overall protein intakes, the standard mean difference (SMD) was −2.26 (95% CI; −2.98, −1.54) below the RDA/RNI for pregnant women and −0.67 SMD (95% CI −15.7, −11.5) for lactating women. When the four studies from Malaysia were analyzed separately, protein intakes of pregnant women were above the RNI. Moreover, low intakes of vitamin D, vitamin C, calcium, and iron, but sufficient intakes in vitamin A, zinc, and phosphorus were observed in pregnant women in both countries.ConclusionDietary intakes of energy, macronutrients, and micronutrients (vitamin D, vitamin E, water-soluble vitamins, calcium, and iron) of pregnant and lactating women in Indonesia and Malaysia were below the recommendations. Important heterogeneities were observed even between these two countries for specific essential nutrient intakes. Innovative research and targeted programs to address specific deficiencies should be prioritized.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021252204, identifier: CRD42021252204.

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Adequately iodized salt is an important strategy to prevent iodine insufficiency in pregnant women living in Central Java, Indonesia

Cited by 7 publications

References 29 publications

Family Characteristics and Anemia in Relation to Preference and Food Variety in Infant Complementary Food

Family Characteristics and Anemia in Relation to Preference and Food Variety in Infant Complementary Food

Correlation of offspring thyroid function and maternal iodine status in iodine deficient-coastal area

Nutrient intakes of pregnant and lactating women in Indonesia and Malaysia: Systematic review and meta-analysis

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