ADF/Cofilin Is Not Essential but Is Critically Important for Actin Activities during Phagocytosis in Tetrahymena thermophila

Shiozaki, Nanami; Nakano, Kentaro; Kushida, Yasuharu; Noguchi, Tarow; Uyeda, Taro Q.P.; Włoga, Dorota; Dave, Drashti; Vasudevan, Krishna Kumar; Gaertig, Jacek; Numata, Osamu

doi:10.1128/ec.00074-13

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…It is found at multiple cellular sites in Tetrahymena and is required for phagocytosis and motility, leading to secondary effects on cytokinesis (Ohba et al, 1992; Brown et al, 1999a,b; Hosein et al, 2003; Williams et al, 2006). Indeed, inhibiting actin polymerization with Lantrunculin A does not prevent cytokinesis (Shimizu et al, 2013) and the actin-modulator, actin-depolymerization factor (ADF)/cofilin is not required for cytokinesis (Shiozaki et al, 2013). However, a number of actin-binding proteins localize to the division site (Edamatsu et al, 1992; Numata et al, 2000; Numata and Gonda, 2001; Shirayama and Numata, 2003), and some have been shown to be important for cytokinesis (Numata and Gonda, 2001; Wilkes and Otto, 2003).…”

Section: Cytokinesis In the Alveolatamentioning

confidence: 99%

Who Needs a Contractile Actomyosin Ring? The Plethora of Alternative Ways to Divide a Protozoan Parasite

Hammarton

2019

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Cytokinesis, or the division of the cytoplasm, following the end of mitosis or meiosis, is accomplished in animal cells, fungi, and amoebae, by the constriction of an actomyosin contractile ring, comprising filamentous actin, myosin II, and associated proteins. However, despite this being the best-studied mode of cytokinesis, it is restricted to the Opisthokonta and Amoebozoa, since members of other evolutionary supergroups lack myosin II and must, therefore, employ different mechanisms. In particular, parasitic protozoa, many of which cause significant morbidity and mortality in humans and animals as well as considerable economic losses, employ a wide diversity of mechanisms to divide, few, if any, of which involve myosin II. In some cases, cell division is not only myosin II-independent, but actin-independent too. Mechanisms employed range from primitive mechanical cell rupture (cytofission), to motility- and/or microtubule remodeling-dependent mechanisms, to budding involving the constriction of divergent contractile rings, to hijacking host cell division machinery, with some species able to utilize multiple mechanisms. Here, I review current knowledge of cytokinesis mechanisms and their molecular control in mammalian-infective parasitic protozoa from the Excavata, Alveolata, and Amoebozoa supergroups, highlighting their often-underappreciated diversity and complexity. Billions of people and animals across the world are at risk from these pathogens, for which vaccines and/or optimal treatments are often not available. Exploiting the divergent cell division machinery in these parasites may provide new avenues for the treatment of protozoal disease.

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Section: Cytokinesis In the Alveolatamentioning

confidence: 99%

Who Needs a Contractile Actomyosin Ring? The Plethora of Alternative Ways to Divide a Protozoan Parasite

Hammarton

2019

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…The Rabs and SNAREs, as in other organisms, must provide some of the specificity. Actin and actin assembly co‐factors have been shown in many studies to be required for food vacuole formation, and also for subsequent fusion with vesicles delivering vATPases . As in other systems, actin is likely to be providing force to move membranes.…”

Section: Food Uptake and The Phagocytic Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

An evolutionary balance: conservation vs innovation in ciliate membrane trafficking

Guerrier

Plattner

Richardson

et al. 2016

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As most of eukaryotic diversity lies in single-celled protists, they represent unique opportunities to ask questions about the balance of conservation and innovation in cell biological features. Among free-living protists the ciliates offer ease of culturing, a rich array of experimental approaches, and versatile molecular tools, particularly in Tetrahymena thermophila and Paramecium tetraurelia. These attributes have been exploited by researchers to analyze a wealth of cellular structures in these large and complex cells. This mini-review focuses on three aspects of ciliate membrane dynamics, all linked with endolysosomal trafficking. First is nutrition based on phagocytosis and maturation of food vacuoles. Secondly, we discuss regulated exocytosis from vesicles that have features of both dense core secretory granules but also lysosome-related organelles. The third topic is the targeting, breakdown and resorption of parental nuclei in mating partners. For all three phenomena, it is clear that elements of the canonical membrane-trafficking system have been retained and in some cases repurposed. In addition, there is evidence that recently evolved, lineage-specific proteins provide determinants in these pathways.

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“…Actin assembly is unequivocally considered crucial for formation of a phagosome, also in ciliates. In Tetrahymena thermophila the actin‐binding protein ‘actin depolymerising factor’ (ADF)/cofilin binds to the nascent food vacuole where it promotes actin polymerisation (Shiozaki et al, ). In Paramecium tetraurelia actin isoforms and their arrangement on phagosomes change during the phagosome cycle (Sehring et al, ).…”

Section: The Phagocytotic Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Anitei & Hoflack, 2012). Such trafficking pathways can contribute to phagosome formation where requirement of actin is particularly well established (Flannagan, Jaumouille factor' (ADF)/cofilin binds to the nascent food vacuole where it promotes actin polymerisation (Shiozaki et al, 2013). In Paramecium tetraurelia actin isoforms and their arrangement on phagosomes change during the phagosome cycle (Sehring et al, 2007b).…”

Section: (1) Role Of H + -Atpase Gtpases and Snare Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signalling in ciliates: long- and short-range signals and molecular determinants for cellular dynamics

Plattner

2015

Biol Rev

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In ciliates, unicellular representatives of the bikont branch of evolution, inter- and intracellular signalling pathways have been analysed mainly in Paramecium tetraurelia, Paramecium multimicronucleatum and Tetrahymena thermophila and in part also in Euplotes raikovi. Electrophysiology of ciliary activity in Paramecium spp. is a most successful example. Established signalling mechanisms include plasmalemmal ion channels, recently established intracellular Ca -release channels, as well as signalling by cyclic nucleotides and Ca . Ca -binding proteins (calmodulin, centrin) and Ca -activated enzymes (kinases, phosphatases) are involved. Many organelles are endowed with specific molecules cooperating in signalling for intracellular transport and targeted delivery. Among them are recently specified soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs), monomeric GTPases, H -ATPase/pump, actin, etc. Little specification is available for some key signal transducers including mechanosensitive Ca -channels, exocyst complexes and Ca -sensor proteins for vesicle-vesicle/membrane interactions. The existence of heterotrimeric G-proteins and of G-protein-coupled receptors is still under considerable debate. Serine/threonine kinases dominate by far over tyrosine kinases (some predicted by phosphoproteomic analyses). Besides short-range signalling, long-range signalling also exists, e.g. as firmly installed microtubular transport rails within epigenetically determined patterns, thus facilitating targeted vesicle delivery. By envisaging widely different phenomena of signalling and subcellular dynamics, it will be shown (i) that important pathways of signalling and cellular dynamics are established already in ciliates, (ii) that some mechanisms diverge from higher eukaryotes and (iii) that considerable uncertainties still exist about some essential aspects of signalling.

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ADF/Cofilin Is Not Essential but Is Critically Important for Actin Activities during Phagocytosis in Tetrahymena thermophila

Cited by 7 publications

References 52 publications

Who Needs a Contractile Actomyosin Ring? The Plethora of Alternative Ways to Divide a Protozoan Parasite

Who Needs a Contractile Actomyosin Ring? The Plethora of Alternative Ways to Divide a Protozoan Parasite

An evolutionary balance: conservation vs innovation in ciliate membrane trafficking

Signalling in ciliates: long- and short-range signals and molecular determinants for cellular dynamics

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