ADHD and Factor Analysis: Are There Really Three Distinct Subtypes of ADHD?

Bernfeld, Jayme

doi:10.1080/21622965.2012.699421

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Because of poor agreement between parent and teacher about these domains, we chose to view all ADHD behaviors as “an important unitary component to ADHD symptoms” [38]. This decision is supported by concerns about the validity and stability of subtypes [29, 39-42]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal obesity and attention-related symptoms in the preterm offspring

Burg¹,

Jensen

Bor³

et al. 2017

Early Human Development

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Background Maternal pre-pregnancy obesity, in term-born children, is associated with an increased risk of attention problems, however this relationship has not been explored among children born extremely preterm. Aim To estimate the risk of attention problems at age 10 years in children born very preterm to overweight (i.e., body mass index (BMI) 25-29 kg/m2) and obese (i.e., BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) women relative to the risk among children born to women who were neither overweight nor obese (i.e. BMI < 25 kg/m2). Study design Multi-center prospective cohort study. Methods A total of 764 children born before the 28th week of gestation and whose mother’s pre-pregnancy height and pre-pregnancy weight were obtained at birth had an IQ ≥ 70 at age 10 years when parents and teachers completed Child Symptom Inventory-4 questionnaires that included items about the presence of ADHD. Results Compared to children whose mother’s pre-pregnancy weight was in the normal range (BMI <25 kg/m2), children were at increased risk of parent-identified ADHD behaviors if their mother was overweight (odds ratio (OR) = 1.9; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1, 3.3), or obese (OR = 2.3; 95% CI: 1.4, 3.9). They were not at increased risk of teacher-identified ADHD characteristics if their mother was overweight before her pregnancy (OR = 1.0; 95% CI: 0.6, 1.8), or obese (OR = 1.0; 95% CI: 0.6, 1.6). Conclusion Maternal overweight and obesity are associated with increased risk of parent-identified ADHD characteristics at 10 years of age in children born extremely preterm.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal obesity and attention-related symptoms in the preterm offspring

Burg¹,

Jensen

Bor³

et al. 2017

Early Human Development

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“…A recent neuroimaging study also found no common brain abnormalities in all ADHD subgroups, suggesting that ADHD is a collection of discrete disorders (Stevens et al, 2018). It is worth mentioning that most of the included studies either recruited patients from different presentations or did not specify the clinical presentation of ADHD that was investigated, even though diagnostic validity of such presentation classification is questionable per se (Bernfeld, 2012). Moreover, most studies retained in the present meta-analysis included participants with high rates of comorbidities, which increases the clinical heterogeneity of the samples (Elia et al, 2008).…”

Section: Neuroimaging In Adhd: a Heterogeneous Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain alterations in children/adolescents with ADHD revisited: A neuroimaging meta-analysis of 96 structural and functional studies

Samea

Soluki

Nejati

et al. 2019

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

190

117

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The findings of neuroimaging studies in children/adolescents with ADHD, and even those of previous meta-analyses, are divergent. Here, Activation Likelihood Estimation meta-analysis, following the current best-practice guidelines, was conducted. We searched multiple databases and traced the references up to June 2018. Then, we extracted the reported coordinates reflecting group comparison between ADHD and healthy subjects from 96 eligible studies, containing 1914 unique participants. The analysis of pooled structural and functional, sub-analyses restricted to modality, and in-/decreased contrast did not yield any significant findings. However, further sub-analyses in the task-fMRI experiments (neutral stimuli only) led to aberrant activity in the left pallidum/putamen and decreased activity (male subjects only) in the left inferior frontal gyrus. The overall findings indicate a lack of regional convergence in children/adolescents with ADHD, which might be due to heterogeneous clinical populations, various experimental design, preprocessing, statistical procedures in individual publications. Our results highlight the need for further high-powered investigations, but may also indicate ADHD pathophysiology might rest in network interactions rather than just regional abnormality.

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“…'There remains little evidence of the diagnostic validity of three separate ADHD subtypes'. (25) Others agree emphasising the instability of subtypes (24,26,27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, multiple separate factor analyses have documented that the strongest factor appears to be a general one with additional factors providing information about characteristics of the subtypes (25,29,30).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observer variability identifying attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in 10‐year‐old children born extremely preterm

et al. 2017

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Aim: A DSM-5 diagnosis of attention deficit/hyperactive disorder (ADHD) requires that symptoms be present in two settings. We wanted to see how teachers and parents compare on their assessments. Methods:We evaluated how well Child Symptom Inventory-4 (CSI-4) reports from 871 parents and 634 teachers of 10-year-old children born before the 28th week of gestation provided information about indicators of school dysfunction.Results: Kappa values for parent and teacher agreement of any ADHD were at best fair to poor (<0.41). Nevertheless, ADHD identified by each alone provided a moderate amount of information about such indicators of school dysfunction as grade repetition. Only occasionally did agreement provide more information than provided by only one reporter. Mother's social class and intelligence level did not discriminate between parents who did and did not agree with the teacher.Conclusion: ADHD identified by a single observer can provide appreciable information about a range of the child's functions needed for success in school and, therefore, should not be discounted when another observer does not consider the child to have ADHD symptoms.

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ADHD and Factor Analysis: Are There Really Three Distinct Subtypes of ADHD?

Cited by 12 publications

References 27 publications

Maternal obesity and attention-related symptoms in the preterm offspring

Maternal obesity and attention-related symptoms in the preterm offspring

Brain alterations in children/adolescents with ADHD revisited: A neuroimaging meta-analysis of 96 structural and functional studies

Observer variability identifying attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in 10‐year‐old children born extremely preterm

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