ADHD and offending

Young, Susan; Cocallis, Kelly

doi:10.1007/s00702-021-02308-0

Cited by 20 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…Numerous studies have indicated that ADHD is associated with antisocial behavior and delinquent acts [ 3 ]. The results of these studies demonstrated that, in comparison to individuals without ADHD, adolescents, young adults, and middle-aged adults with ADHD tend to be more involved in the criminal justice system, are arrested and convicted at an earlier age, and have an increased risk of conviction, incarceration, and criminal recidivism [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the general population, levels of ADHD symptoms predict antisocial behavior even after controlling for additional risk factors [ 7 ]. Similarly, the association between ADHD and antisocial behavior remained significant after controlling for a wide range of psychosocial variables [ 4 , 5 ]. It seems, therefore, that there is a clear correlation between ADHD and antisocial behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various variables that interact with ADHD symptoms in the prediction of antisocial behavior have been examined in the research literature. For example, it was found that targeted drug therapy for ADHD decreases antisocial behavior by 30–40% [ 3 , 4 ]. Other studies reported an interaction between ADHD and variables such as substance use and past arrest in predicting delinquent behavior [ 8 , 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Link between ADHD Symptoms and Antisocial Behavior: The Moderating Role of the Protective Factor Sense of Coherence

2022

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Numerous studies have established the link between ADHD and antisocial behavior, one of the most serious functional impairments caused by the disorder. However, research on protective factors that mitigate this link is still lacking. The Salutogenic Model of Health offers the “Sense of Coherence” (SOC), establishing that individuals who see their lives as logical, meaningful, and manageable are more resistant to various risk factors and diseases. The present study examines for the first time whether SOC is also a protective factor against different ADHD-related types of antisocial behaviors (severe/mild violent behavior, verbal violence, property crimes, public disorder, and drug abuse). A total of 3180 participants aged 15–50 completed online questionnaires assessing the level of ADHD symptoms, antisocial behaviors, and SOC. Structural equation modeling was applied to examine the research hypothesis. An interaction between ADHD symptoms and SOC was found in predicting each type of antisocial behavior (beta = −0.06–−0.17, p < 0.01). The link between ADHD symptoms and antisocial behavior was significantly weaker for high than low SOC participants, regardless of age group. The current study found that people with high SOC are protected against the effect of ADHD symptoms on one of the most serious functional impairments, antisocial behavior. These findings suggest that SOC is a protective factor from the adverse effects of ADHD symptoms, justifying further prospective and intervention studies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Link between ADHD Symptoms and Antisocial Behavior: The Moderating Role of the Protective Factor Sense of Coherence

2022

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“…A meta-analysis demonstrated that in adult prisoners with ADHD, substance misuse disorders were comorbid in 74% of cases and personality disorders in 60% (74). A further selective review suggested the rate of comorbid mental disorder is as high as 96% (75). A broad interpretation of these figures would therefore suggest that it is these comorbid conditions, possibly alongside psychosocial factors, that would account for most of the offending in people with ADHD.…”

Section: Misattribution Of Problem Behaviorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of ADHD in Prisoners—Evidence Gaps and Reasons for Caution

Tully

2022

Front. Psychiatry

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“…Other studies reported similar results. Higher rates of criminal recidivism were found in young offenders with ADHD ( 3 – 5 ), conduct disorder ( 6 ), oppositional defiant disorder ( 7 ) as well as substance use disorders ( 8 ) and personality disorders [especially DSM Cluster B disorders ( 10 )]. However, findings remain inconsistent across studies due to differences in definitions and assessment of mental health issues (e.g., self-reported vs. clinician-administered), recidivism (e.g., reconviction vs. reincarceration, self-reported vs. officially recorded), and crime concepts (e.g., in terms of severity and type of criminal acts).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental Health in Young Detainees Predicts Perpetration of and Desistance From Serious, Violent and Chronic Offending

et al. 2022

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Mental health problems are common among young offenders but their role in predicting criminal recidivism is still not clear. Early identification and treatment of young offenders at risk of serious, violent, and chronic (SVC) offending is of major importance to increase their chances to develop into a healthy and non-criminal future and protect society from further crime. In the present study, we assessed mental health among 106 young offenders while incarcerated and analyzed their criminal careers up to 15 years after release. We found high rates of mental health issues, especially externalizing problems, but also concerning illegal substance and alcohol use patterns as well as personality disorders. Rule-breaking behavior and internalizing problems were negatively related to incarceration time until study assessment, but withdrawal and internalizing problems were positively associated with remaining time to release. Whereas, SVC status before assessment and after release were not statistically dependent, mental health issues predicted perpetration of and desistance from SVC offending after release. Alarming alcohol use appeared to be of specific importance in this regard. Findings indicate that young offenders at risk of future SVC offending may benefit from mental health treatment with specific focus on problematic alcohol consumption to prevent ongoing crime perpetration.

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ADHD and offending

Cited by 20 publications

References 112 publications

The Link between ADHD Symptoms and Antisocial Behavior: The Moderating Role of the Protective Factor Sense of Coherence

The Link between ADHD Symptoms and Antisocial Behavior: The Moderating Role of the Protective Factor Sense of Coherence

Management of ADHD in Prisoners—Evidence Gaps and Reasons for Caution

Mental Health in Young Detainees Predicts Perpetration of and Desistance From Serious, Violent and Chronic Offending

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