ADHD co-morbidities: A review of implication of gene × environment effects with dopamine-related genes

Kanarik, Margus; Grimm, O.; Mota, Nina Roth; Reif, Andreas; Harro, Jaanus

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104757

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 395 publications

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“…Others suggest a link between obesity and ADHD that could partly explain the attention problems we observe. [36][37][38] A central unanswered question remains if the observed QOL issues were present before the obesity, or if they are a consequence of obesity. Longitudinal studies are needed to assess this.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steatotic liver disease is the most important somatic determinant of quality of life in patients with obesity: A cross‐sectional study

Wernberg,

Kjer,

Grønkjær

et al. 2023

Liver International

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Background and AimsPatients with metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) are often comorbid and stigmatized. This can negatively affect quality of life (QOL). Other studies have primarily used the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ), which focuses on liver‐related symptoms, to characterize QOL, but most MASLD patients have only mild liver disease, and CLDQ might overlook QOL issues pertaining to them. We aimed to determine the impact of metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatohepatitis (MASH) on QOL in obese patients using a 136‐item generic QOL questionnaire.MethodsWe included participants with BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 who all fully answered the sickness impact profile (SIP, range 0–100, normal = 3.4, 100 = worst) and had a liver biopsy to diagnose MASLD. Sociodemographics, comorbidity and biometric data were obtained from all participants.ResultsOf 176 (mean age 45.9 years, 70% female, 12.6 years of education), 132 had no‐MASH and 44 MASH. On stepwise multivariable regression analysis, divorce (p = .011), unemployment (p < .003) and hepatic steatosis (p = .01) were associated with poor overall QOL. No other somatic comorbidity was associated. MASH patients more frequently than no‐MASH reported physical discomfort (48% vs. 30%, p = .04), inability to do daily activities (29% vs. 54%, p = .006) and attention problems (32% vs. 57%, p = .003).ConclusionMASLD severity was the only somatic determinant of QOL in patients with obesity in this cohort, and a large fraction reported debilitating symptoms. Patients and caregivers should consider the limitations this poses when planning interventions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steatotic liver disease is the most important somatic determinant of quality of life in patients with obesity: A cross‐sectional study

Wernberg,

Kjer,

Grønkjær

et al. 2023

Liver International

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“…However, whereas many SNVs and CNVs and genomic areas have been reproduced over a different set of studies, none of the supposed candidate genes did consider a monogenetic mechanism for ADHD cause; most genes cluster in the dopaminergic and serotoninergic pathways. A recent review discussed their significance for gene X environment interaction [28 ▪▪ ]. Much larger effect sizes are seen for GWAS:…”

Section: Potential Candidate Genes and (Neuro)biological Pathways Inv...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on genetics of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: current status 2023

Kranz

Grimm

2023

Current Opinion in Psychiatry

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Purpose of reviewAttention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) shows consistently high heritability in genetic research. In this review article, we give an overview of the analysis of common and rare variants and some insight into current genetic methodology and their link to clinical practice.Recent findingsThe heritability of about 80% is also high in comparison to other psychiatric diseases. However, recent studies estimate the proportion of heritability based on single nucleotide variants at 22%. The hidden heritability is an ongoing question in ADHD genetics. Common variants derived from mega genome-wide association analyses (GWAS) and subsequent meta-analyses usually display small effect sizes and explain only a small fraction of phenotypic variance. Rare variants, on the contrary, not only display large effect sizes but also rather explain, due to their rareness, a small fraction on phenotypic variance. Applying polygenic risk score (PRS) analysis is an improved approach of combining effect sizes of many common variants with clinically relevant measures in ADHD.SummaryWe provide a concise overview on how genetic analysis, with a focus on GWAS and PRS, can help explain different behavioural phenotypes in ADHD and how they can be used for diagnosis and therapy prediction. Increased sample sizes of GWAS, meta-analyses and use of PRS is increasingly informative and sets the course for a new era in genetics of ADHD.

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“…Gillberg (Gillberg, 2003) -Blais et al, 2022;Banerjee et al, 2007;Claussen et al, 2022;Kanarik et al, 2022;Lai et al, 2018;Lasky et al, 2016;Minatoya et al, 2019;Shaw, 2015). Les carences sévères au sein des institutions pour enfants ont été associées au TDAH au début de l'adolescence (Stevens et al, 2008).…”

Section: Résuméunclassified

Le Trouble de Déficit de l’Attention et d’Hyperactivité (TDAH) de l’adulte : Quand certains symptômes en cachent d’autres.

Benito¹

2022

Cortica

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Le diagnostic de TDAH de l’adulte a été inclus dans la cinquième version du Manuel des Troubles Mentaux de l’Association Américaine de Psychiatrie (DSM5), en 2013. Ce diagnostic se réfère à un trouble neurodéveloppemental avec, comme symptômes cardinaux, l’inattention, l’hyperactivité et l’impulsivité. Les études montrent une prévalence de 5,29% pour les enfants, et de 2,5% pour les adultes entre 19 et 45 ans. Le taux de comorbidités chez les adultes diagnostiqués de TDAH est élevé. L’objectif de cet article est double : 1. l’exploration des pistes d’amélioration du processus diagnostic et thérapeutique du TDAH afin d’éviter un diagnostic tardif, et 2. Un regard rétrospectif sur le parcours des adultes diagnostiqués de TDAH en quête d’idées pour l’amélioration de la prise en charge familiale, scolaire et sociétale des enfants diagnostiqués de TDAH. Les données utilisées pour l’étude proviennent de deux sources : 1. les dossiers cliniques des patients de la file active de l’auteure pour lesquels le diagnostic de TDAH de l’adulte a été posé tardivement, et 2. de l’expérience propre des patients, obtenue via le remplissage volontaire d’un questionnaire anonyme présenté cidessous. Les données ont été analysées qualitativement. Les résultats montrent qu’un diagnostic précoce de TDAH et des comorbidités éventuelles apparaît comme la meilleure option pour orienter les choix de style de vie, de cursus académique et de travail les plus adaptés au fonctionnement de la personne.

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ADHD co-morbidities: A review of implication of gene × environment effects with dopamine-related genes

Cited by 18 publications

References 395 publications

Steatotic liver disease is the most important somatic determinant of quality of life in patients with obesity: A cross‐sectional study

Steatotic liver disease is the most important somatic determinant of quality of life in patients with obesity: A cross‐sectional study

Update on genetics of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: current status 2023

Le Trouble de Déficit de l’Attention et d’Hyperactivité (TDAH) de l’adulte : Quand certains symptômes en cachent d’autres.

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