Adherence and Infectivity of Green Fluorescent Protein-Labeled Pseudomonas plecoglossicida to Ayu Plecoglossus altivelis.

Sukenda, Sukenda; Wakabayashi, Hisatsugu

doi:10.3147/jsfp.36.161

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Skin injuries are also important portals for some other bacterial infections of fish such as Aeromonas hydrophila infection in the channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus (Ventura & Grizzle 1987). Small particles like bacteria can be passively attached to injured skin surface (Kiryu & Wakabayashi 1999, Sukenda & Wakabayashi 2001. The histological observations of the present study suggest that, once the bacterium adheres to the dermis, it enters the tissue quickly.…”

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confidence: 53%

Pathogenesis of experimentally induced bacterial cold water disease in ayu Plecoglossus altivelis

Miwa

Nakayasu²

2005

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Ayu Plecoglossus altivelis were experimentally infected with Flavobacterium psychrophilum, which is the causative agent of bacterial cold water disease (CWD). The fish infected by immersion usually died within an hour after they became moribund. The blood volume and haematocrit values of moribund fish were low, while those values of many infected fish that were not moribund were in the range of controls. Most of the affected fish in the immersion-infected groups had ulcerative lesions on their lower jaw. No histological evidence of haemolysis was observed. These results suggest that rapid bleeding occurred through ulcerative lesions, probably causing hypoxia which killed the fish. Ulcerative lesions developed on the dorsal skin when this area had been slightly abraded artificially prior to immersion challenge. Histologically, F. psychrophilum was initially found on the skin that had microscopic injuries, but not on normal skin. The bacterium then entered the dermis and migrated through connective tissues. The lesions subsequently expanded into the underlying musculature through the myosepta, developed necrotic myositis and formed externally open ulcers. Only in later stages of infection did mild lesions develop in the internal organs and the gill, probably caused by the bacterium migrating through blood vessels. This suggests that infection with CWD through the gill or digestive tract is unlikely. Virtually no open lesions were found in ayu challenged by intramuscular injections except at the injection sites. The results suggest that skin injuries are major portals of entry for F. psychrophilum in ayu, and the bacterium has affinity for collagenous connective tissues. KEY WORDS: Cold water disease · Flavobacterium psychrophilum · Pathogenesis · Ayu · Plecoglossus altivelis Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 67: [93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104] 2005 salmonids in which the disease occurs most frequently when the water temperature is between 4 and 10°C (Shotts & Starliper 1999). The most notable clinical sign of CWD in ayu is anaemia as revealed by pale gills (Iida & Mizokami 1996). Ulcerative lesions are often found on the caudal peduncle of affected wild ayu, including stocked fish (Iida & Mizokami 1996). However, when CWD occurs in cultured ayu, ulcerative lesions on the surface of the body trunk are often not observed, although haemorrhagic lesions or ulcers develop on the lower jaw of many of the affected fish. The ulcerative lesions found on the caudal peduncle of affected wild ayu might develop following infection by the bacteria into skin wounds caused by fishing (snagging) or by territorial aggression by other ayu. Erosion of fins (fin rot) or tail loss, which are typical clinical signs for CWD in salmonids (Nematollahi et al. 2003), are not observed in ayu. Furthermore, the F. psychrophilum strain(s) that causes CWD in ayu is distinct serologically and genetically from those in other fish species including salmonids...

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confidence: 53%

Pathogenesis of experimentally induced bacterial cold water disease in ayu Plecoglossus altivelis

Miwa

Nakayasu²

2005

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…1996), intramuscular injection and oral administration (Park & Nakai 2003). Sukenda & Wakabayashi (2001) reported that injuries to the skin and fins were the main site of bacterial adherence. However, the pathological effects of these experimental infections were unclear because of a lack of histopathological examinations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathological studies of bacterial haemorrhagic ascites of ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis (Temminck & Schlegel)

Kobayashi¹,

Imai²,

Ishitaka³

et al. 2004

Journal of Fish Diseases

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A histopathological study was carried out on ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis, with bacterial haemorrhagic ascites. The fish were obtained from culture ponds in Wakayama Prefecture in 2003. The causative agent was identified as Pseudomonas plecoglossicida by a slide agglutination test using anti-P. plecoglossicida FPC941 serum. Histopathological studies revealed lesions in spleen, kidney, liver, intestine, heart and gills. Lesions in the spleen and haematopoietic tissue were prominent and invaded by P. plecoglossicida. Necrotic lesions accompanied by haemorrhage, fibrin deposition and oedema occurred in the splenic pulp and sheathed tissue, and in the kidney. The liver also had necrotic lesions and abscess formations. However, the intestine, heart and gills were only slightly invaded by P. plecoglossicida. No lesions or bacteria were observed in the brain.

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“…Pseudomonas plecoglossicida is known as the causative agent of a lethal fish disease occurring in ayu fish ( Plecoglossus altivelis ) (Nishimori et al ., 2000). The organism was originally isolated from internal organs of dead fishes, but also occurs on the skin and fins (Sukenda, 2001). Besides fish, P. plecoglossicida can also be found in waste water, soil, sewage sludges, or in the roots of sand dune plants as an endophytic organism, especially in the wild rye ( Elymus mollis ) (Song et al ., 2003; Chowdhury et al ., 2004; Ekhaise, 2004; Park et al ., 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of water-soluble metal cyanide complexes from solid minerals byPseudomonas plecoglossicida

Faramarzi

Brandl

2006

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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A few Pseudomonas species are able to form hydrocyanic acid (HCN), particularly when grown under glycine-rich conditions. In the presence of metals, cyanide can form water-soluble metal complexes of high chemical stability. We studied the possibility to mobilize metals as cyanide complexes from solid minerals using HCN-forming microorganisms. Pseudomonas plecoglossicida was cultivated in the presence of copper- and nickel-containing solid minerals. On powdered elemental nickel, fast HCN generation within the first 12 h of incubation was observed and water-soluble tetracyanaonickelate was formed. Cuprite, tenorite, chrysocolla, malachite, bornite, turquoise, millerite, pentlandite as well as shredded electronic scrap was also subjected to a biological treatment. Maximum concentrations of cyanide-complexed copper corresponded to a solubilization of 42% and 27% when P. plecoglossicida was grown in the presence of cuprite or tenorite, respectively. Crystal system, metal oxidation state and mineral hydrophobicity might have a significant influence on metal mobilization. However, it was not possible to allocate metal mobilization to a single mineral property. Cyanide-complexed gold was detected during growth on manually cut circuit boards. Maximum dicyanoaurate concentration corresponded to a 68.5% dissolution of the total gold added. These findings represent a novel type of microbial mobilization of nickel and copper from solid minerals based on the ability of certain microbes to form HCN.

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Adherence and Infectivity of Green Fluorescent Protein-Labeled Pseudomonas plecoglossicida to Ayu Plecoglossus altivelis.

Cited by 10 publications

References 24 publications

Pathogenesis of experimentally induced bacterial cold water disease in ayu Plecoglossus altivelis

Pathogenesis of experimentally induced bacterial cold water disease in ayu Plecoglossus altivelis

Histopathological studies of bacterial haemorrhagic ascites of ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis (Temminck & Schlegel)

Formation of water-soluble metal cyanide complexes from solid minerals byPseudomonas plecoglossicida

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