Adherence and Persistence Among Risdiplam-Treated Individuals with Spinal Muscular Atrophy: A Retrospective Claims Analysis

Abstract

Introduction Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neuromuscular disease caused by deletions and/or mutations in the survival of motor neuron 1 ( SMN1 ) gene. Risdiplam, the first and only oral SMN2 pre-mRNA splicing modifier, is US Food and Drug Administration-approved for the treatment of pediatric and adult patients with SMA. For patients with SMA, long-term adherence to and persistence with an SMA treatment may be important for achieving maximum clinical benefits. However, real-world evidence on patient adherence to and persistence with risdiplam is limited. Methods This retrospective study examined real-world adherence and persistence with risdiplam from a specialty pharmacy in patients with SMA over a 12-month period. Adherence was estimated by using proportion of days covered (PDC) and was calculated over variable (time between first and last fill) and fixed (time from first fill to study period end) intervals. Persistence was defined as no gap in supply ≥ 90 days. Patients were included if the time between the index date and study observation period was ≥ 12 months, if they initiated risdiplam between August 2020 and September 2022, received ≥ 2 risdiplam fills, and had an SMA diagnosis associated with a risdiplam fill. Subgroup analyses of risdiplam adherence and persistence were performed by age and primary payer type. Results The proportion of patients ( N = 1636) adherent at 12 months based on variable and fixed interval PDC was 93% and 79%, respectively. Adherence was high among patients on commercial insurance, Medicaid, or Medicare (range 86–96%). Mean persistence was 330.4 days. The highest proportion of patients who were persistent were on Medicaid (81%). Conclusion These findings demonstrate that patient adherence to and persistence with risdiplam treatment were high, including across all subgroups tested. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12325-024-02850-9.