Adherence as an ecological determinant for streptococci in the human mouth

Houte, J. van; Gibbons, R. J.; Pulkkinen, Andrea J.

doi:10.1016/0003-9969(71)90042-2

Cited by 152 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The suspension was immediately transferred to a 2-ml microcentrifuge tube containing approximately 0.5 ml of packed 100-m-diameter zirconia-silica beads, which was placed in a high-speed reciprocating shaker (BioSpec Products) and horizontally shaken at 5,000 rpm for 1 min to lyse the cells. RNA was recovered from the cell lysate, treated with RQ1 RNase-free DNase (Promega, Madison, Wis.) as described previously (39,40), and stored in diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC)-treated water. The integrity of the RNA was assessed by electrophoresis of 2 l of each sample through a 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth, Development, and Gene Expression in a Persistent Streptococcus gordonii Biofilm

Gilmore¹,

Srinivas

Akins

et al. 2003

Infect Immun

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A model for the protracted (30-day) colonization of smooth surfaces by Streptococcus gordonii that incorporates the nutrient flux that occurs in the oral cavity was developed. This model was used to characterize the biphasic expansion of the adherent bacterial population, which corresponded with the emergence of higherorder architectures characteristic of biofilms. Biofilm formation by S. gordonii was observed to be influenced by the presence of simple sugars including sucrose, glucose, and fructose. Real-time PCR was used to quantify changes in expression of S. gordonii genes known or thought to be involved in biofilm formation. Morphological changes were accompanied by a significant shift in gene expression patterns. The majority of S. gordonii genes examined were observed to be downregulated in the biofilm phase. Genes found to be upregulated in the biofilm state were observed to encode products related to environmental sensing and signaling.Tooth surfaces are persistently colonized by a complex but highly organized biota termed dental plaque, a microbial biofilm with the capacity to adapt to, and to endure, cyclic variation in nutrient availability as well as harsh mechanical and biological forces targeted at its containment and removal. Streptococcus gordonii is among the pioneering species to colonize a tooth surface (29,30,34,39). Binding of these organisms to the tooth enamel creates a template for the subsequent attachment of other bacteria in establishment of the complex oral biofilm (20, 22). As succeeding layers of different bacterial species attach to the plaque, new binding templates and nutritional microenvironments are formed, which may ultimately favor the attachment and residence of periodontal pathogens (6). The net effect is the establishment of an ordered community of heterogeneous microbial species, with each member playing a role in maintaining the vitality and structure of plaque. A key element in the formation and stability of the plaque biofilm, therefore, is the persistent colonization of the smooth surface of the tooth at the base of this complex community.Several studies have now demonstrated that cells existing in the biofilm state have phenotypic characteristics distinct from those of their planktonic counterparts, with significant changes in the patterns of gene expression (9, 45). This differential expression appears to be governed by communication between bacteria of the same or other species, in addition to cues emanating from the host and the environment (23). Specific intercellular communication mediated by N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone has been shown to be central to the differentiation of the biofilm architecture by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11).Little is known of the physiologic changes that accompany persistent colonization of the tooth surface by pioneering species in the formation of the dental plaque biofilm. It was therefore of interest to develop a model of protracted smoothsurface colonization with cyclic variation in nutrient availability as a first approx...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Streptococcus gordonii is among the pioneering species to colonize a tooth surface (29,30,34,39). Binding of these organisms to the tooth enamel creates a template for the subsequent attachment of other bacteria in establishment of the complex oral biofilm (20,22).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth, Development, and Gene Expression in a Persistent Streptococcus gordonii Biofilm

Gilmore¹,

Srinivas

Akins

et al. 2003

Infect Immun

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“…Differences in the adherence of bacterial species or strains to mucous membranes have been shown to be important in determining the composition of the normal bacterial flora on mucosal surfaces (1,2). Since coloni-likely that the ability or inability of a pathogenic bacterium to adhere to variouis mucosal surfaces is one important factor in determining the localization of infections caused by that organism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adherence of bacteria to heart valves in vitro.

Gould¹,

Ramírez-Ronda²,

Holmes³

et al. 1975

J. Clin. Invest.

199

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A B S T R A C T The abilities of 14 strains of aerobic gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli to adhere in vitro to human or canine aortic valve leaflets were compared. 2-mm sections of excised valve leaflets were obtained by punch biopsy and were incubated under standardized conditions in suspensions of bacteria. Valve sections were subsequently waslhed and homiogeniized, and quantitative techniques were used to determine the proportions of bacteria from the initial suspensions that had adhered to the valve sections. Comparable results were obtained when these adherence ratios were determined by two independent methods based either on measurements of bacterial viability or of radioactivity in 5"Cr-labeled bacteria. For each bacterial strain, the adherence ratio was constant over a wide range of concentrations of bacteria in the incubation mediuiml. Strains of enterococci, viridans streptococci, coagulase-positive and coagulase-negative staphylococci and Pscudoim oinas aeruginosa (adherence ratios 0.003-0.017) were found to adhere more readily to valve sections than strains of Escherichia coli and Klbsiella pfeum;oniiac (adherence ratios 0.00002-0.00004). The organisms that most frequently cause bacterial endocarditis Nwere found to adhere best to heart valves in vitro, suggesting that the ability to adhere to valvular endothelium may be an important or essential characteristic of bacteria that cause endocarditis in man.

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“…INTRODUCTION Gram-positive cocci adhere well to normal heart valves in vitro, whereas aerobic gram-negative bacilli do not adhere well with the exception of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1). Colonization of a specific mucosal surface is an early event in the pathogenesis of many bacterial infections (2) and the ability of a given bacterial strain to adhere to a mucosal surface is one important factor in determining the localization of infections caused by the specific bacterial strain (3,4). In addition, differences in adherence properties of bacterial pathogens may help to determine the most likely etiologic agent of infection at a particular anatomic site (5)(6)(7)(8)(9).…”

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confidence: 99%

Adherence of Glucan-Positive and Glucan-Negative Streptococcal Strains to Normal and Damaged Heart Valves

Ramírez-Ronda¹

1978

J. Clin. Invest.

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A B S T R A C T The adherence of 18 strains of streptococci to sections of normal canine and human aortic, mitral, and tricuspid valves and to canine interatrial septum was compared in an in vitro system. Quantitative measurements of adherence ratios were performed by two independent methods. Adherence ratios for Streptococcus mutans, S. sanguis, S. bovis, and Group D streptococci were higher (0.0058-0.0101) than for the other streptococcal strains studied (0.0025-0.0041). With the exception of Group D streptococci, adherence ratios for each bacterial strain were similar with the aortic, mitral, and tricuspid valve sections. Adherence ratios with normal human and canine valve leaflets were similar, but adherence ratios with interatrial septum were lower than with normal valve sections.Adherence ratios for glucan-positive and glucannegative strains of streptococci with normal and with damaged aortic valve leaflets were also compared. The adherence ratios of the glucan-positive streptococci (S. mutans, S. sanguis, and S. bovis) and one glucannegative enterococcal strain (KG-3) were approximately five times higher with damaged aortic valves (0.039-0.051) than with normal aortic valves (0.009-0.010). For glucan-positive strains, adherence ratios with normal aortic leaflets were similar when bacteria were grown in media which contains or lacks sucrose. In striking contrast, growth of the glucan-positive strains in medium which lacks sucrose, with resultant deficiency of glucan production, decreased the adherence ratios with damaged aortic valve leaflets to those found with normal aortic leaflets. Treatment of This work was presented in part at the 16th Interscience

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Adherence as an ecological determinant for streptococci in the human mouth

Cited by 152 publications

References 7 publications

Growth, Development, and Gene Expression in a Persistent Streptococcus gordonii Biofilm

Growth, Development, and Gene Expression in a Persistent Streptococcus gordonii Biofilm

Adherence of bacteria to heart valves in vitro.

Adherence of Glucan-Positive and Glucan-Negative Streptococcal Strains to Normal and Damaged Heart Valves

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