Adherence to index-based dietary patterns in childhood and BMI trajectory during the transition to adolescence: the EPOCH study

Bekelman, Traci A.; Ringham, Brandy M.; Sauder, Katherine A.; Johnson, Susan L.; Harrall, Kylie H; Glueck, Deborah H.; Dabelea, Dana

doi:10.1038/s41366-021-00917-z

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Studies examining the relationship between obesity and diet quality in children and adolescents are limited. Bekelman et al found an inverse relationship between HEI 2010 score at age 10 and BMI trajectory over 6 years [22]. Conversely, in a study of 6-year-old children in Tehran, Iran, Askari et al found that children in the highest tertile of HEI score (using HEI 2015) were more likely to be overweight [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Few Differences in Energy Intake and Diet Quality of Children and Adolescents across BMI Categories, with and without Accounting for Underreporters: NHANES 2005–2014

Watowicz

Hand

2022

Dietetics

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Previous studies of the relationship between energy intake and child weight have shown mixed results and have largely not described differences in diet quality or the impact of underreporting. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between dietary intake and childhood obesity by assessing energy intake and diet quality across BMI categories for 2–19-year-old children before and after excluding underreporters. Energy intake and the Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI) were studied for 2–19-year-old children using data from 2005–2014 NHANES. Underreporters were defined as children consuming <100% of their predicted resting energy expenditure (REE) and were excluded from some analyses. There were no statistically significant differences in HEI scores across weight categories; mean HEI total score was 47.1 (SE 0.23) out of a possible 100. When considering all 12–19-year-old children, those in the overweight, obesity, and severe obesity categories had a lower mean energy intake than children in the healthy weight category (p < 0.001). Excluding underreporters, 6–11-year-old children in the overweight, obesity, and severe obesity categories had a higher energy intake than healthy weight children (p < 0.001). In both analyses, children in the overweight, obesity, and severe obesity categories reported consuming a lower % REE than healthy weight children. Diet quality in all children is low, and the relationship between reported energy intake and BMI remains complex. Healthy eating messages should target all children.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Few Differences in Energy Intake and Diet Quality of Children and Adolescents across BMI Categories, with and without Accounting for Underreporters: NHANES 2005–2014

Watowicz

Hand

2022

Dietetics

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“…Nutrient intakes of interest for this analysis included total carbohydrates, protein, and fat, as well as their subtypes (starch and sugar, animal protein and vegetable protein, and saturated fat [SFA], monounsaturated fat [MUFA], and polyunsaturated fat [PUFA]). Dietary intake data were also used to calculate Healthy Eating Index‐2010 (HEI‐2010) total scores as a measure of overall diet quality (25).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood nutrient intakes are differentially associated with hepatic and abdominal fats in adolescence: The EPOCH study

Cohen

Perng

Bekelman

et al. 2022

Obesity

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Objective The aim of this study was to examine whether nutrient intakes in childhood are associated with abdominal and hepatic fat depots later in adolescence. Methods Using data from 302 participants in the longitudinal Exploring Perinatal Outcomes among CHildren (EPOCH) study, energy partition and nutrient density models were constructed to examine associations of nutrient intakes in childhood (~10 years of age), assessed by food frequency questionnaire, with abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and hepatic fat in adolescence (~16 years of age). Results In energy partition models (energy intake not held constant), total, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fat intakes in childhood were associated with higher SAT in adolescence (β [95% CI]: 8.5 [0.1‐17.1], 25.1 [2.1‐48.1], and 59.7 [16.1‐103.3] mm2 per 100 kcal/d), higher starch intake was associated with log‐hepatic fat (back‐transformed β [95% CI]: 1.07 [1.01‐1.15] per 100 kcal/d), and, in boys only, higher animal protein intake was associated with VAT (β [95% CI]: 5.3 [0.3‐10.3] mm2 per 100 kcal/d). Most associations were unchanged when adjusted for energy intake in nutrient density models. Conclusions Childhood nutrient intakes were differentially associated with adolescent body fats; specifically, unsaturated fat intake predicted abdominal SAT, animal protein intake predicted VAT, and starch intake predicted hepatic fat. These nutrient intakes may, therefore, be targets for intervention studies aiming to modify adolescent body fat distribution.

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Diet Quality Scores, Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Larruy-García,

Mahmood,

Miguel-Berges

et al. 2024

Curr Obes Rep

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Purpose of Review We aimed to examine the relationship between various diet quality scores and obesity and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) in children and adolescents. Recent Findings Obesity and MetS, which increase the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease from childhood through adolescence, have been associated with adherence to various diet quality scores. Summary A systematic search was performed in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, SciELO, Embase, and Cochrane, covering the period until March 2024. Two researchers evaluated 3,519 studies according to the inclusion criteria. Finally, 73 articles that analysed the relationship between diet quality scores and obesity and MetS were included, and 6 of them were included in a meta-analysis. Children younger than 12 years old showed statistically significant differences indicating a higher Mediterranean diet (MD) score adherence compared to those with a low score adherence for BMI (MD = 0.33 kg/m2, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.64) and WC values (MD = 1.21 cm, 95% CI: 0.50, 1.93). Additionally, in the meta-regression analysis, boys showed stronger associations for BMI, z-score BMI and WC (β = 19.82, 95% CI: 17.62, 22.03, β = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.33, 0.96 and β = 67.03, 95% CI: 57.29, 76.77, respectively). Studies in this review suggest an association between high adherence to different diet quality scores and low BMI. Meta-analysis assessing the association between adherence to the MD and BMI, and WC, showed a protective effect of the MD pattern against obesity outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analyses provided evidence on the effect of the diet quality on obesity and MetS in children and adolescents.

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Adherence to index-based dietary patterns in childhood and BMI trajectory during the transition to adolescence: the EPOCH study

Cited by 8 publications

References 69 publications

Few Differences in Energy Intake and Diet Quality of Children and Adolescents across BMI Categories, with and without Accounting for Underreporters: NHANES 2005–2014

Few Differences in Energy Intake and Diet Quality of Children and Adolescents across BMI Categories, with and without Accounting for Underreporters: NHANES 2005–2014

Childhood nutrient intakes are differentially associated with hepatic and abdominal fats in adolescence: The EPOCH study

Diet Quality Scores, Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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