Adherence to Mediterranean dietary pattern is inversely associated with depression, anxiety and psychological distress

Sadeghi, Omid; Keshteli, Ammar Hassanzadeh; Afshar, Hamid; Esmaillzadeh, Ahmad; Adibi, Peyman

doi:10.1080/1028415x.2019.1620425

Cited by 114 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…In addition, the accuracy of dietary data might be different between males and females (44,45). Earlier studies demonstrated that actual dietary behaviors, self-reported preferences for foods and accuracy of reported dietary intakes are different between men and women (46,47). Besides, unlike normal-weight students, we found no significant association between breakfast consumption and primary headaches in students with overweight or obesity.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

Breakfast consumption is inversely associated with primary headaches in university students: The MEPHASOUS study

Mansouri

Sharifi

Shokri

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background The prevalence of primary headaches has been increasing at an alarming rate, particularly in university students. Previous studies have shown that diet-related behaviors can affect neurological disorders. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the association between breakfast consumption patterns and primary headaches in a large population of university students.Methods In total, 83,677 university students, aged ≥18 years, from 28 provinces of Iran were included in the current cross-sectional study. Dietary intakes and breakfast consumption patterns were assessed using a validated self-administered dietary habits questionnaire. Primary headaches were determined according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders-3 (ICHD-3) criteria.Results The mean age of participants was 21.50 ± 4.01. Primary headaches were prevalent among 9% of university students. A significant inverse association was seen between breakfast consumption and odds of primary headaches (OR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.51-0.62). This association remained significant even after taking potential confounders into account; such that students who consumed breakfast frequently had 26% lower odds of primary headaches compared with those who consumed it rarely (OR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.65-0.85). Moreover, such a significant inverse association was observed in female students (OR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.49-0.61) as well as those with normal weight (OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.58-0.79). However, it became non-significant in male students and those with overweight or obesity.Conclusions We found that frequent breakfast consumption was inversely associated with the odds of primary headaches. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm our findings.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

Breakfast consumption is inversely associated with primary headaches in university students: The MEPHASOUS study

Mansouri

Sharifi

Shokri

et al. 2019

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…Certain probiotics have been shown to improve anxiety symptoms and have even been termed as psychobiotics [ 165 ]. Adherence to Mediterranean dietary patterns has also been suggested to improve anxiety symptoms [ 166 ], with Mediterranean diets being reported to modulate inflammatory processes [ 167 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroinflammation-Associated Alterations of the Brain as Potential Neural Biomarkers in Anxiety Disorders

Won

Kim

2020

IJMS

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Stress-induced changes in the immune system, which lead to neuroinflammation and consequent brain alterations, have been suggested as possible neurobiological substrates of anxiety disorders, with previous literature predominantly focusing on panic disorder, agoraphobia, and generalized anxiety disorder, among the anxiety disorders. Anxiety disorders have frequently been associated with chronic stress, with chronically stressful situations being reported to precipitate the onset of anxiety disorders. Also, chronic stress has been reported to lead to hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and autonomic nervous system disruption, which may in turn induce systemic proinflammatory conditions. Preliminary evidence suggests anxiety disorders are also associated with increased inflammation. Systemic inflammation can access the brain, and enhance pro-inflammatory cytokine levels that have been shown to precipitate direct and indirect neurotoxic effects. Prefrontal and limbic structures are widely reported to be influenced by neuroinflammatory conditions. In concordance with these findings, various imaging studies on panic disorder, agoraphobia, and generalized anxiety disorder have reported alterations in structure, function, and connectivity of prefrontal and limbic structures. Further research is needed on the use of inflammatory markers and brain imaging in the early diagnosis of anxiety disorders, along with the possible efficacy of anti-inflammatory interventions on the prevention and treatment of anxiety disorders.

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“…In addition to reducing depressive symptoms, the Mediterranean diet may also be helpful in reducing the odds of anxiety [ 161 ]. However, a recent meta-analysis of RCTs concluded that no effect of dietary interventions is observed for anxiety [ 162 ].…”

Section: Other Psychiatric Diagnosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separating the Signal from the Noise: How Psychiatric Diagnoses Can Help Discern Food Addiction from Dietary Restraint

Wiss

Brewerton

2020

Nutrients

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Converging evidence from both animal and human studies have implicated hedonic eating as a driver of both binge eating and obesity. The construct of food addiction has been used to capture pathological eating across clinical and non-clinical populations. There is an ongoing debate regarding the value of a food addiction “diagnosis” among those with eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa binge/purge-type, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. Much of the food addiction research in eating disorder populations has failed to account for dietary restraint, which can increase addiction-like eating behaviors and may even lead to false positives. Some have argued that the concept of food addiction does more harm than good by encouraging restrictive approaches to eating. Others have shown that a better understanding of the food addiction model can reduce stigma associated with obesity. What is lacking in the literature is a description of a more comprehensive approach to the assessment of food addiction. This should include consideration of dietary restraint, and the presence of symptoms of other psychiatric disorders (substance use, posttraumatic stress, depressive, anxiety, attention deficit hyperactivity) to guide treatments including nutrition interventions. The purpose of this review is to help clinicians identify the symptoms of food addiction (true positives, or “the signal”) from the more classic eating pathology (true negatives, or “restraint”) that can potentially elevate food addiction scores (false positives, or “the noise”). Three clinical vignettes are presented, designed to aid with the assessment process, case conceptualization, and treatment strategies. The review summarizes logical steps that clinicians can take to contextualize elevated food addiction scores, even when the use of validated research instruments is not practical.

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Adherence to Mediterranean dietary pattern is inversely associated with depression, anxiety and psychological distress

Cited by 114 publications

References 55 publications

Breakfast consumption is inversely associated with primary headaches in university students: The MEPHASOUS study

Breakfast consumption is inversely associated with primary headaches in university students: The MEPHASOUS study

Neuroinflammation-Associated Alterations of the Brain as Potential Neural Biomarkers in Anxiety Disorders

Separating the Signal from the Noise: How Psychiatric Diagnoses Can Help Discern Food Addiction from Dietary Restraint

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