Adherence to Public Health Measures Mitigates the Risk of COVID-19 Infection in Older Adults: A Community-Based Study

Juhn, Young J.; Wi, Chung‐Il; Ryu, Euijung; Sampathkumar, Priya; Takahashi, Paul Y.; Yao, Joseph D.; Binnicker, Matthew J.; Natoli, Traci L.; Evans, Tamara K.; King, Katherine S.; Volpe, Stéphanie; Pirçon, Jean‐Yves; Damaso, Silvia; Pignolo, Robert J.

doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.12.016

Cited by 9 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This theme examined how residential communities cut off the transmission chain of COVID-19. This theme involved nine studies ( 48 – 50 , 53 , 55 , 56 , 58 , 69 , 70 ). Two subthemes underpinned this theme, that is, preventing the invasion of the COVID-19 into the community and preventing cross-infection in the community.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…travel restrictions, and cancellation of religious activities) significantly decreased the transmission of COVID-19 by reducing human mobility, and thereby prevented residents from becoming infected ( 50 ). In addition, community-based social distancing (e.g., avoiding taking public transport and engaging in social activities, and keeping a distance of 6 feet from others in a public space) played an important role in stopping the transmission of COVID-19 in Southeast Minnesota, the United States, and Hong Kong, China ( 55 , 56 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data from Hong Kong communities showed that community-wide mask wearing contributed to the control of COVID-19 by reducing the amount of emission of infected saliva and respiratory droplets from infected patients (49). The surveys on communities in the United States and China also showed that community-based mask wearing limited the community transmission of the virus (55,69). Social distancing is another effective way for community epidemic prevention, preventing disease transmission by reducing close contact between people.…”

Section: Preventing Cross-infection In the Communitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Global Experiences of Community Responses to COVID-19: A Systematic Literature Review

Zhang²,

Li³

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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ObjectiveThis study aimed to conduct a systematic review of the global experiences of community responses to the COVID-19 epidemic.MethodFive electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science) were searched for peer-reviewed articles published in English, from inception to October 10, 2021. Two reviewers independently reviewed titles, abstracts, and full texts. A systematic review (with a scientific strategy for literature search and selection in the electronic databases applied to data collection) was used to investigate the experiences of community responses to the COVID-19 pandemic.ResultsThis review reported that community responses to COVID-19 consisted mainly of five ways. On the one hand, community-based screening and testing for Coronavirus was performed; on the other hand, the possible sources of transmission in communities were identified and cut off. In addition, communities provided medical aid for patients with mild cases of COVID-19. Moreover, social support for community residents, including material and psychosocial support, was provided to balance epidemic control and prevention and its impact on residents' lives. Last and most importantly, special care was provided to vulnerable residents during the epidemic.ConclusionThis study systematically reviewed how communities to respond to COVID-19. The findings presented some practical and useful tips for communities still overwhelmed by COVID-19 to deal with the epidemic. Also, some community-based practices reported in this review could provide valuable experiences for community responses to future epidemics.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Preventing Cross-infection In the Communitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Global Experiences of Community Responses to COVID-19: A Systematic Literature Review

Zhang²,

Li³

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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“…This is a secondary analysis of a previously reported cohort. 16 We are reporting our results using the STROBE guidelines for a cohort study. 17 The study occurred within a primary care setting in Southeastern Minnesota.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have published the details previously. 16 During the influenza season, October 1, 2019 to April 30, 2020 (influenza season), participants contacted the study team when ARI symptoms occurred. If participants met prespecified criteria (two symptoms from upper, lower, or systemic symptoms), they would complete aswab for influenza.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza infection is not associated with phenotypical frailty in older patients, a prospective cohort study

Takahashi

Ryu

et al. 2022

Health Science Reports

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Background and Aims Influenza is a challenging infectious illness for older adults. It is not completely clear whether influenza is associated with frailty or functional decline. We sought to determine the association between incident influenza infection and frailty and prefrailty in community patients over 50 years of age. We also investigated the association between influenza vaccination and frailty and prefrailty as a secondary aim. Methods This was a prospective community cohort study from October 2019 to November 2020 in participants over 50 years. The primary outcome was the development of frailty as defined by three of five frailty criteria (slow gait speed, low grip strength, 5% weight loss, low energy, and low physical functioning). The primary predictor was a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for influenza infection. Influenza vaccination was based on electronic health record reviewing 1 year before enrollment. We reported the relationship between influenza and frailty by calculating odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) after adjustment for age, sex, socioeconomic status, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), influenza vaccine, and previous self‐rated frailty from multinomial logistic regression model comparing frail and prefrail to nonfrail subjects. Results In 1135 participants, the median age was 67 years (interquartile range 60−74), with 41% men. Eighty‐one participants had PCR‐confirmed influenza (7.1%). Frailty was not associated with influenza, with an OR of 0.50 (95% CI 0.17−1.43) for frail participants compared to nonfrail participants. Influenza vaccination is associated with frailty, with an OR of 1.69 (95% CI 1.09−2.63) for frail compared to nonfrail. Frailty was associated with a higher CCI with an OR of 1.52 (95% CI 1.31−1.76). Conclusion We did not find a relationship between influenza infection and frailty. We found higher vaccination rates in participants with frailty compared to nonfrail participants While influenza was not associated with frailty, future work may involve longer follow‐up.

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Incidence of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Older Adults Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Juhn

Takahashi

et al. 2023

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceLittle is known about the burden and outcomes of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)–positive acute respiratory infection (ARI) in community-dwelling older adults.ObjectiveTo assess the incidence of RSV-positive ARI before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to assess outcomes for RSV-positive ARI in older adults.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a community-based cohort study of adults residing in southeast Minnesota that followed up with 2325 adults aged 50 years or older for 2 RSV seasons (2019-2021) to assess the incidence of RSV-positive ARI. The study assessed outcomes at 2 to 4 weeks, 6 to 7 months, and 12 to 13 months after RSV-positive ARI.ExposureRSV-positive and -negative ARI.Main Outcomes and MeasuresRSV status was the main study outcome. Incidence and attack rates of RSV-positive ARI were calculated during each RSV season, including before (October 2019 to April 2020) and during (October 2020 to April 2021) COVID-19 pandemic, and further calculated during non-RSV season (May to September 2021) for assessing impact of COVID-19. The self-reported quality of life (QOL) by Short-Form Health Survey-36 (SF-36) and physical functional measures (eg, 6-minute walk and spirometry) at each time point was assessed.ResultsIn this study of 2325 participants, the median (range) age of study participants was 67 (50-98) years, 1380 (59%) were female, and 2240 (96%) were non-Hispanic White individuals. The prepandemic incidence rate of RSV-positive ARI was 48.6 (95% CI, 36.9-62.9) per 1000 person-years with a 2.50% (95% CI, 1.90%-3.21%) attack rate. No RSV-positive ARI case was identified during the COVID-19 pandemic RSV season. Incidence of 10.2 (95% CI, 4.1-21.1) per 1000 person-years and attack rate of 0.42%; (95% CI, 0.17%-0.86%) were observed during the summer of 2021. Based on prepandemic RSV season results, participants with RSV-positive ARI (vs matched RSV-negative ARI) reported significantly lower QOL adjusted mean difference (limitations due to physical health, −16.7 [95% CI, −31.8 to −1.8]; fatigue, −8.4 [95% CI, −14.3 to −2.4]; and difficulty in social functioning, −11.9 [95% CI, −19.8 to −4.0] within 2 to 4 weeks after RSV-positive ARI [ie, short-term outcome]). Compared with participants with RSV-negative ARI, those with RSV-positive ARI also had lower QOL (fatigue: −4.0 [95% CI, −8.5 to −1.3]; difficulty in social functioning, −5.8 [95% CI, −10.3 to −1.3]; and limitation due to emotional problem, −7.0 [95% CI, −12.7 to −1.3] at 6 to 7 months after RSV-positive ARI [intermediate-term outcome]; fatigue, −4.4 [95% CI, −7.3 to −1.5]; difficulty in social functioning, −5.2 [95% CI, −8.7 to −1.7] and limitation due to emotional problem, −5.7 [95% CI, −10.7 to −0.6] at 12-13 months after RSV-positive ARI [ie, long-term outcomes]) independent of age, sex, race and/or ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and high-risk comorbidities.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, the burden of RSV-positive ARI in older adults during the pre-COVID-19 period was substantial. After a reduction of RSV-positive ARI incidence from October 2020 to April 2021, RSV-positive ARI re-emerged during the summer of 2021. RSV-positive ARI was associated with significant long-term lower QOL beyond the short-term lower QOL in older adults.

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Adherence to Public Health Measures Mitigates the Risk of COVID-19 Infection in Older Adults: A Community-Based Study

Cited by 9 publications

References 31 publications

Global Experiences of Community Responses to COVID-19: A Systematic Literature Review

Global Experiences of Community Responses to COVID-19: A Systematic Literature Review

Influenza infection is not associated with phenotypical frailty in older patients, a prospective cohort study

Incidence of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Older Adults Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic

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