Adherence to smoke-free policies in Ghana: Findings from a cross-sectional survey of hospitality venue owners and staff

Singh, Arti; Dobbie, Fiona; Kinnunen, Tarja I.; Okello, Gabriel; Semple, Sean; Okyere, Portia Boakye; Logo, Divine Darlington; Lartey, Kwabena Fosu; McNeil, Ann; Britton, John; Bauld, Linda; Owusu‐Dabo, Ellis

doi:10.18332/tpc/131058

Cited by 4 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The presence of cigarette sales within the vicinity, fear of conflict with clients, and fear of losing clients and revenue (in hospitality venues) also seem to play a part in non-compliance. Sub-optimal levels of compliance with smoke-free policies within hospitality venues have also been observed in other African countries [ 30 , 31 , 32 ]. In Ghana and Uganda, poor knowledge of the smoke-free legislation among hospitality venue staff was also reported [ 31 , 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…In Ghana and Uganda, poor knowledge of the smoke-free legislation among hospitality venue staff was also reported [ 31 , 33 ]. Nevertheless, in a number of countries, including in Nigeria and Ghana, the attitude towards smoke-free laws among hospitality staff has been found to be generally positive [ 31 , 34 , 35 , 36 ], although the fear of revenue reductions seems to be a consistent finding within these venues [ 35 , 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Second-Hand Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Smoke-Free Environments in Ethiopia: A Scoping Review and Narrative Synthesis

Gelibo

Kassa

Mdege

2022

IJERPH

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Ethiopia passed a law prohibiting tobacco smoking in all public places in 2019. We conducted a scoping review to identify gaps in the existing literature on second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure and smoke-free environments in Ethiopia that need to be prioritised for future research to support policy and practice. We conducted systematic searches in January 2022 in the following databases: Medline, EMBASE, and PsycInfo. Two reviewers independently screened the identified study reports for eligibility and extracted data from the eligible studies. The extracted data was descriptively analysed, and research recommendations were drawn. A stakeholder consultation workshop was held to identify research topics on SHS exposure and smoke-free environments in Ethiopia that they perceived to be priorities for primary research. Of the 388 research reports identified, only nine were included in the scoping review. The topics explored includes prevalence of SHS exposure (six studies); knowledge on SHS exposure (three studies); compliance to smoke-free environments legislation (two studies); and exposure to anti-smoking messages (one study). The stakeholders prioritised further research addressing compliance monitoring and enforcement of the smoke free laws in Ethiopia. There is a need for studies that test new methods for compliance monitoring and enforcement, evaluate strategies to increase knowledge on the harms of SHS exposure and the smoke-free legislation, and evaluate the current smoke-free legislation in Ethiopia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Second-Hand Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Smoke-Free Environments in Ethiopia: A Scoping Review and Narrative Synthesis

Gelibo

Kassa

Mdege

2022

IJERPH

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“…The campaign should be conducted by public health professionals (under local governments’ coordination) in collaboration with Islamic figures (mosque imams, religious leaders, adat stakeholders and other respected figures (eg, keuchiks/village heads)), and focus on various topics including campaigning on the health risks of cigarette smoking to encourage people to stop smoking. In fact, scientific evidence has shown that the harmful effects of tobacco are not only for the users but also those who are exposed to SHS with no risk-free level ever documented 34 62. Various public health problems are caused by SHS in adults (eg, heart diseases, lung carcinoma and stroke), and in children and infants (eg, severe asthma attacks, respiratory and ear infections, and sudden infant death syndrome) 24.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, to enhance the effectiveness of communication of the SFA qanuns to communities and other involved government actors/agencies, the Aceh government should learn from the Ashanti region in Ghana that communicated smoke-free legislation to communities using radio and television broadcasts. Based on research results conducted in Ghana in 2020, 72% (representing the highest percentage) of the total population in the Ashanti region had noticed the SFA regulation dissemination through radio and television advertising 34. Hence, radio and television are the most effective and recommended media by the WHO to spread information related to anti-tobacco campaigns including SFAs’ public communication and implementation, because these media are inexpensive and have wider coverage in many countries, including low-income and middle-income nations 63 64…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Owusu-Dabo et al ,30 smoke-free regulations and awareness of health risks associated with smoking were strongly connected to values and beliefs of certain religions (particularly Muslims and Christians), due to the fact that smoking is not in favour with both religions 30–33. The religious values and beliefs play a significant role in determining specific attitudes toward smoking, and hence to reduce tobacco smoke prevalence 34. Research in Ghana found that 97% of Ghanaians (mainly Muslims and Christians) supported comprehensive SFA regulations, and 76% of smokers had tried to quit smoking in the last 6 months 30.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Barriers and opportunities for improving smoke-free area implementation in Banda Aceh city, Indonesia: a qualitative study

Sufri,

Nurhasanah,

Ahsan

et al. 2023

BMJ Open

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ObjectivesTo investigate the challenges and opportunities for implementing smoke-free areas (SFAs) within eight area categories using the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control as a framework for analysis.DesignThis study used qualitative methods (in-depth interviews and document reviews). All transcripts from the interviews and formal documents were coded using NVivo V.11 software and analysed using an inductive thematic analysis.SettingBanda Aceh, Indonesia.ParticipantsSeventy-three participants were interviewed, stratified by ages (18–59 years): policymakers (n=4), SFA implementers (n=33), SFA’s non-compliance prosecutors (n=2), SFA observers (n=4), communities/respected figures (n=30); and 10 documents were reviewed.ResultsBarriers to the effective implementation of SFAs were identified: conflict of interests of Banda Aceh authorities in implementing SFA policies; inadequate monitoring, evaluation and implementation of SFAs among involved actors; inadequate public communication of SFAs to communities; and misunderstanding of ‘enclosed areas’ as SFAs. However, some important opportunities were identified: the Ministry of Education promotes SFA at schools; and smoking prohibition as part of sharia and other religions’ recommendations.ConclusionsThis research is the first study to examine SFAs to understand the challenges and opportunities for improving SFA policy implementation by interviewing various key respondents in Banda Aceh (religious leaders and respected figures). These key stakeholders’ roles are crucial to enhance the implementation of SFA policies in Banda Aceh (currently suboptimal) and other populous Muslim areas in Indonesia or other countries because smoking contradicts Islamic teachings and other religions’ tenets. Further, the findings propose policymakers and involved agencies strengthen public communication, execution, monitoring and evaluation, and enforcement of SFA policies in Aceh. Finally, the application of methods and results from this study to other local areas in Indonesia or other developing nations is necessary to facilitate further understanding more about the applicability, advantages and limitations of this study.

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Second-Hand Tobacco Smoke Exposure: Results of Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Measurements at Hospitality Venues in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Hirpa,

Mdege,

Argefa

et al. 2024

IJERPH

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Introduction: In Ethiopia, a comprehensive smoke-free law that bans smoking in all publ3532ic areas has been implemented since 2019. This study aimed to evaluate compliance with these laws by measuring the air quality and conducting covert observations at 154 hospitality venues (HVs) in Addis Ababa. Methods: Indoor air quality was measured using Dylos air quality monitors during the peak hours of the venues, with concentrations of particulate matter <2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) used as a marker of second-hand tobacco smoke. A standardized checklist was used to assess compliance with smoke-free laws during the same peak hours. The average PM2.5 concentrations were classified as good, moderate, unhealthy for sensitive groups, unhealthy for all, or hazardous using the World Health Organization’s (WHO) standard air quality index breakpoints. Results: Only 23.6% of the venues complied with all smoke-free laws indicators. Additionally, cigarette and shisha smoking were observed at the HVs. Overall, 63.9% (95% confidence interval: 56–72%) of the HVs had PM2.5 concentrations greater than 15 µg/m3. The presence of more than one cigarette smoker in the venue, observing shisha equipment in the indoor space, and the sale of tobacco products in the indoor space were significantly associated with higher median PM2.5 concentration levels (p < 0.005). Hazardous level of PM2.5 concentrations—100 times greater than the WHO standard—were recorded at HVs where several people were smoking shisha and cigarettes. Conclusions: Most HVs had PM2.5 concentrations that exceeded the WHO average air quality standard. Stricter enforcement of smoke-free laws is necessary, particularly for bars and nightclubs/lounges.

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Adherence to smoke-free policies in Ghana: Findings from a cross-sectional survey of hospitality venue owners and staff

Cited by 4 publications

References 33 publications

Second-Hand Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Smoke-Free Environments in Ethiopia: A Scoping Review and Narrative Synthesis

Second-Hand Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Smoke-Free Environments in Ethiopia: A Scoping Review and Narrative Synthesis

Barriers and opportunities for improving smoke-free area implementation in Banda Aceh city, Indonesia: a qualitative study

Second-Hand Tobacco Smoke Exposure: Results of Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Measurements at Hospitality Venues in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

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