Adherence to the 2018 WCRF/AICR cancer prevention guidelines and chronic lymphocytic leukemia in the MCC-Spain study

Solans, Marta; Romaguera, Dora; Gràcia-Lavedán, Esther; Molinuevo, Amaia; Benavente, Yolanda; Sáez, Marc; Marcos‐Gragera, Rafael; Costas, Laura; Robles, Claudia; Alonso, Esther; Banda, Esmeralda de la; González‐Barca, Eva; Llorca, Javier; Rodríguez-Suárez, Marta María; Lozano‐Lorca, Macarena; Aymerich, Marta; Campo, Elı́as; Gimeno-Vázquez, Eva; Castaño‐Vinyals, Gemma; Aragonés, Núria; Pollán, Marina; Kogevinas, Manolis; Sanjosé, Sílvia de; Amiano, Pilar; Casabonne, Delphine

doi:10.1016/j.canep.2019.101629

Cited by 12 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…We found a healthy lifestyle was associated with a higher risk of prostate cancer. This finding is inconsistent with the majority of previous research suggesting either a negative association or no relationship for combined or individual components of a healthy lifestyle (6, 23-28), and may be the result of healthy volunteer bias.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Healthy lifestyle, genetic risk, and incidence of cancer: A prospective cohort study of 13 cancer types

Byrne

Boyle

Ahmed

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Genetic and lifestyle factors are related to the risk of cancer, but it is unclear whether a healthy lifestyle can offset genetic risk. Our aim was to investigate this for 13 cancer types using data from the UK Biobank prospective cohort. Methods: In 2006-2010, participants aged 37-73 years were assessed and followed until 2015-2019. Analyses were restricted to those of European ancestries with no history of malignant cancer (n=195,822). Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) were computed for 13 cancer types and these cancers combined (overall cancer), and a healthy lifestyle score was calculated from current recommendations. Relationships with cancer incidence were examined using Cox regression, adjusting for relevant confounders. Interactions between HLI and PRSs were assessed. Results: There were 15,240 incident cancers during the 1,926,987 person-years of follow-up (median follow-up= 10.2 years). After adjusting for confounders, an unhealthy lifestyle was associated with a higher risk of overall cancer [lowest vs highest tertile hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) = 1.32(1.26, 1.37)] and eight cancer types. The greatest increased risks were seen for cancers of the lung [3.5(2.96,4.15)], bladder [2.03 (1.57, 2.64)], and pancreas [1.98 (1.54,2.55)]. Positive additive interactions were observed, suggesting a healthy lifestyle may partially offset genetic risk of colorectal, breast, and pancreatic cancers, and may completely offset genetic risk of lung and bladder cancers. Conclusions: A healthy lifestyle is beneficial for most cancers and may offset genetic risk of some cancers. These findings have important implications for those genetically predisposed to these cancers and population strategies for cancer prevention.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Healthy lifestyle, genetic risk, and incidence of cancer: A prospective cohort study of 13 cancer types

Byrne

Boyle

Ahmed

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Only a few reports investigated the association between the 2018 release of the WCRF/AICR recommendations and cancer risk [42,[46][47][48]. The present study is the first evaluating the updated recommendations in the prevention of invasive breast cancer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research Recommendations and the Risk of Breast Cancer

et al. 2020

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The World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) introduced in 2007, and updated in 2018, nutrition-related recommendations for cancer prevention. Previous studies generally reported inverse associations of breast cancer with the 2007 recommendations, while no study has yet evaluated the association with the 2018 guidelines. We investigated the association between adherence to the 2018 WCRF/AICR recommendations and breast cancer risk in a case–control study from Italy and Switzerland (1991–2008) including 3034 incident histologically-confirmed breast cancer cases and 3392 hospital controls. Adherence to the 2018 guidelines was summarized through a score incorporating eight recommendations (body fatness, physical activity, consumption of wholegrains/vegetables/fruit/beans, “fast foods” and other processed foods high in fat, starches, or sugars, red/processed meat, sugar-sweetened drinks, alcohol, breastfeeding), with higher scores indicating higher adherence. Odds ratios (OR) were estimated using multiple logistic regression models. We also conducted a meta-analysis including 15 additional studies using random-effects models. In our case–control study, adherence to the 2018 WCRF/AICR guidelines was inversely associated with breast cancer, with ORs of 0.60 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.51–0.70) for a score ≥5.5 vs. ≤4.25, and of 0.83 (95% CI, 0.79–0.88) for a 1-point increment. In our study, 25% of breast cancers were attributable to low-to-moderate guideline adherence. In the meta-analysis, the pooled relative risks (RRs) were 0.73 (95% CI, 0.65–0.82, p heterogeneity among studies < 0.001) for the highest vs. the lowest WCRF/AICR score category, and 0.91 (95% CI, 0.88–0.94, p heterogeneity < 0.001) for a 1-point increment. This work provides quantitative evidence that higher adherence to the WCRF/AICR recommendations reduces the risk of breast cancer, thus opening perspectives for prevention.

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“…Since 2007, several studies have evaluated the association of the recommendations of the Second Expert Report and cancer mortality [17], as well as the risk of developing cancer [18]; especially with breast cancer, colorectal cancer, head and neck cancer, pancreatic cancer, lymphocytic leukemia, and PCa [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. However, as we have commented previously, the comparison of the results is not easy because of the absence of standard criteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compliance with the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research Cancer Prevention Recommendations and Prostate Cancer

et al. 2020

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The etiology of prostate cancer (PCa) remains largely unknown. Compliance with the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRC/AICR) cancer prevention recommendations and its relationship to PCa was evaluated. A total of 398 incident PCa cases and 302 controls were included. The selection criteria for both cases and controls were: (i) age between 40–80 years; and (ii) residence in the coverage area of the reference hospitals for 6 months or more prior to recruitment. A score to measure the compliance with the recommendations of 2018 WCRC/AICR criteria was built. The level of compliance was used as a continuous variable and categorized in terciles. The aggressiveness of PCa was determined according to the ISUP classification. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using multivariable logistic regression models. A slight protective tendency was observed between the level of compliance with the preventive recommendations and PCa risk, aOR = 0.81 (95% CI 0.69–0.96) for the total cases of PCa. This association also was observed when the aggressiveness was considered. In addition, limiting consumption of “fast foods”, sugar-sweetened drinks, and alcohol were independently associated with lower risk of PCa.

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Adherence to the 2018 WCRF/AICR cancer prevention guidelines and chronic lymphocytic leukemia in the MCC-Spain study

Cited by 12 publications

References 20 publications

Healthy lifestyle, genetic risk, and incidence of cancer: A prospective cohort study of 13 cancer types

Healthy lifestyle, genetic risk, and incidence of cancer: A prospective cohort study of 13 cancer types

Adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research Recommendations and the Risk of Breast Cancer

Compliance with the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research Cancer Prevention Recommendations and Prostate Cancer

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