Adherence to the Mediterranean diet in relation to acute coronary syndrome or stroke nonfatal events: A comparative analysis of a case/case-control study

Kastorini, Christina-Maria; Milionis, Haralampos; Ioannidi, Aggeliki; Kalantzi, Kallirroi; Nikolaou, Vassilios S.; Vemmos, Konstantinos; Goudevenos, John; Panagiotakos, Demosthenes B.

doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2011.07.012

Cited by 61 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Recent studies have used data from a large number of countries to estimate current prevalence rates and project increases in all regions of the world 13, 16 . However, there is little detailed information on longitudinal trends in low- and middle-income countries aside from Brazil, China, India, and Mexico 17, 18 .…”

Section: Obesity In Low and Middle-income Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One estimate, based on data our analysis of new data shows is an undercount, predicted in 2030 globally an estimated 2.16 billion adults will be overweight, and 1.12 billion will be obese 13 . Below we provide trends data from repeated surveys conducted over the 1990–2010 period over 40 countries with the same methods to suggest possibly 2 or more billion are already overweight or obese today.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Global nutrition transition and the pandemic of obesity in developing countries

2012

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Decades ago discussion of an impending global pandemic of obesity was thought of as heresy. Diets in the 1970’s began to shift toward increased reliance upon processed foods, increased away from home intake and greater use of edible oils and sugar-sweetened beverages. Reduced physical activity and increased sedentary time was seen also. These changes began in the early 1990-‘s in the low and middle income world but did not become clearly recognized until diabetes, hypertension and obesity began to dominate the globe. Urban and rural areas from sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia’s poorest countries to the higher income ones are shown to have experienced rapid increases in overweight and obesity status. Concurrent rapid shifts in diet and activity are documented. An array of large-scale programmatic and policy shifts are being explored in a few countries; however despite the major health challenges faced, few countries are serious in addressing prevention of the dietary challenges faced.

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Section: Obesity In Low and Middle-income Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global nutrition transition and the pandemic of obesity in developing countries

2012

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“…Two previous Mediterranean-diet studies support the conclusion of the PREDIMED trial in that there was reduction of stroke risk. 22,23 Also, an inverse association between olive oil consumption and incident stroke has been demonstrated. 24 Importantly, the results of the PREDIMED trial may explain, in part, the lower cardiovascular mortality previously seen in Mediterranean countries compared to northern European countries and the United States.…”

Section: Effect Of a Low Fat Diet Intervention On Blood Pressure And mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a Low Fat Diet Intervention on Blood Pressure and Hypertension: Rather Switch to a Mediterranean Diet?

Larstorp

Tonstad

2016

American Journal of Hypertension

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High blood pressure (BP) and hypertension are major global risk factors for cardiovascular disease 1 and require a holistic approach for optimal management with both nonpharmacological and pharmacological interventions. National US and international recommendations [2][3][4] for the management of high BP endorse lifestyle changes, including weight loss for the overweight or obese, regular physical activity, adherence to a healthy nutrition plan such as the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, 5 and reducing dietary sodium intake. 6 However, which single nutrient or dietary pattern has the most profound effect on BP is a matter of ongoing research. 7 In this issue of the journal, Allison et al. 8 report on the effects a low fat, high fruit, vegetable, and grain dietary intervention on incident hypertension and longitudinal BP changes in 48,835 postmenopausal women who participated in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Dietary Modification Trial. The US National Institutes of Health established the $625 million dollar WHI in 1991 to address the most common causes of death, disability and impaired quality of life in postmenopausal women. 9 The study included 161,808 women aged 50-79 years from 40 nationwide clinical centers; 68,132 in clinical trials and 93,676 in observational studies with the goal of reducing coronary heart disease, breast and colorectal cancer, and osteoporotic fractures. The Dietary Modification Trial was the largest of the randomized clinical trials and participants were followed for 8-12 years. Women in the dietary intervention group decreased their fat intake to 20% of total daily calories, increased fruit and vegetable consumption to five or more servings per day and increased grain intake to greater than or equal to six servings per day, monitored their food intake and attended regular nutrition group meetings. The control group maintained their usual eating habits, received standard information on nutrition guidelines, kept a food diary and filled out health questionnaires. The study found no significant differences in the rates of heart disease, stroke, or cancer between the two groups. [10][11][12] Allison et al. 8 now report post hoc analyses of the effect of the dietary intervention on incident hypertension and BP trajectories in order to shed light over the lack of difference in cardiovascular disease, as previously encouraged by others. 13 Hypertension was defined as selfreport of treated hypertension collected semi-annually or BP ≥140/90 mm Hg at one of the annual follow-up visits. After a mean follow-up of 8.3 years, and among those who did not have hypertension at baseline (n = 31,146), there were 16,174 incident hypertension cases. The intervention group had 4% lower overall risk of developing hypertension compared to the control group. Although the risk of hypertension was lower in the intervention group in the first few years, the hazard ratio became greater than 1 after year 5. Similarly, while the low fat intervention resulted in lower average systolic BP at...

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“…Likely whole grain, fruit, vegetable and legumes provide an optimal mix of bioactive components, vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals and antioxidants, the latter contained in wine, too. MD cardioprotective effects are well known and widely documented by either epidemiological studies and clinical trials [31][32][33][34][35][36] , and in the last decade has been identified also an important protective role of this dietary pattern against development of the MetS [3,4,29] . Ten years ago the ATTICA, a cross-sectional study examining 2,282 Greek subjects without any evidence of CVD or T2DM, showed that adherence to a MD pattern was associated with a 20% lower risk to develop MetS [37] .…”

Section: Mediterranean Diet and Metabolic Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%