Adherence to the paediatric immunisation schedule in England

Bauwens, Jorgen; Lusignan, Simon de; Sherlock, Julian; Ferreira, Filipa; Künzli, Nino; Bonhoeffer, Jan

doi:10.1016/j.jvacx.2021.100125

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Immunization programs are a key public health initiative for the purpose of controlling or reducing the trend of infectious diseases. This was noticed in our study, with many of the viral and bacterial infections being stable over the study period, reflecting good adherence to immunization guidelines, better health care and greater immunization benefits [ 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Hospital admissions due to infectious and parasitic diseases in England and Wales between 1999 and 2019: an ecological study

et al. 2022

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Background Infectious diseases continue to account for considerable illness and death worldwide, and emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are a significant burden on global economies and public health. This study aimed to investigate the trends in infectious and parasitic disease (IPD) hospital admissions (HA) in England and Wales between 1999 and 2019. Methods This is an ecological study using publicly available data taken from the Hospital Episode Statistics database in England and the Patient Episode Database for Wales. Hospital admission data were collected for the period between April 1999 to March 2019. IPDHA were identified using the tenth version of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases system, diagnostic codes (A00–B99). The trend in hospital admissions was assessed using a Poisson model. Results The overall annual number for IPD hospital admissions for various causes increased by 412.9%, from 151,336 in 1999 to 776,215 in 2019, representing an increase in hospital admission rate of 349.9% from 290.25 (95% CI 288.79–291.71) in 1999 to 1305.88 (95% CI 1303.00–1308.77) in 2019 per 100,000 persons: trend test, p < 0.01. The most common causes of infectious and parasitic disease hospital admissions were intestinal infectious diseases, other bacterial diseases, and other viral diseases, which accounted for 33.6, 27.5, and 23.8%, respectively. Patients aged 15 years and below accounted for 34.2% of the entire number of IPD hospital admissions, followed by the age group 15–59 years with 27.9%, the age group 75 years and above with 22.7%, and then the age group 60–74 years with 15.2%. Conclusion There was an increase in the hospital admission rate due to infectious diseases in the UK from 1999 to 2019. The most common causes of infectious and parasitic disease hospital admissions were intestinal infectious diseases, other bacterial diseases, and other viral diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Hospital admissions due to infectious and parasitic diseases in England and Wales between 1999 and 2019: an ecological study

et al. 2022

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“…This study population was representative for the entire population in the database. 17 Twenty per cent of the included vaccines were given separately, while 80% were coadministered: 37% were coadministrations of two, 34% were coadministrations of three and 8% were c-administrations of four vaccines. The patterns of coadministration for each vaccine are shown in figure 2 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study population and data collection methods were previously described in detail. 17 18 In brief, data for our observational cohort study were extracted from the Oxford-Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre, a national, electronic primary healthcare medical record database, representative of the English population. 19 20 We included all children between 0 and 18 years old during the study period from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2018.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 18 An overview of the changes in the immunisation schedule during the study period has been documented before. 17 We collected the vaccination types and dates for each vaccination. Records with a missing patient-ID, vaccination type or date were excluded.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The selected vaccine coadministrations are presented in table 1 18. An overview of the changes in the immunisation schedule during the study period has been documented before 17. We collected the vaccination types and dates for each vaccination.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Safety of routine childhood vaccine coadministration versus separate vaccination

et al. 2022

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IntroductionAs new vaccines are developed more vaccine coadministrations vaccines are being offered to make delivery more practical for health systems and patients. We compared the safety of coadministered vaccines with separate vaccination for 20 coadministrations by considering nine types of adverse events following immunisation (AEFI).MethodsReal-life immunisation and adverse event data for this observational cohort study were extracted from the Oxford-Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre for children registered in the database between 2008 and 2018. We applied the self-controlled case series method to calculate relative incidence ratios (RIR) for AEFI. These RIRs compare the RI of AEFI following coadministration with the RI following separate administration of the same vaccines.ResultsWe assessed 3 518 047 adverse events and included 5 993 290 vaccine doses given to 958 591 children. 17% of AEFI occurred less and 11% more frequently following coadministration than would have been expected based on the RIs following separate vaccinations, while there was no significant difference for 72% of AEFI. We found amplifying interaction effects for AEFI after five coadministrations comprising three vaccines: for fever (RIR 1.93 (95% CI 1.63 to 2.29)), rash (RIR 1.49 (95% CI 1.29 to 1.74)), gastrointestinal events (RIR 1.31 (95% CI 1.14 to 1.49)) and respiratory events (RIR 1.27 (1.17–1.38)) following DTaP/IPV/Hib+MenC+ PCV; gastrointestinal events (RIR 1.65 (95% CI 1.35 to 2.02)) following DTaP/IPV/Hib+MenC+ RV; fever (RIR 1.44 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.90)) and respiratory events (RIR 1.40 (95% CI 1.25 to 1.57)) following DTaP/IPV/Hib+PCV+ RV; gastrointestinal (RIR 1.48 (95% CI 1.20 to 1.82)) and respiratory events (RIR 1.43 (95% CI 1.26 to 1.63)) following MMR+Hib/MenC+PCV; gastrointestinal events (RIR 1.68 (95% CI 1.07 to 2.64)) and general symptoms (RIR 11.83 (95% CI 1.28 to 109.01)) following MMR+MenC+PCV. Coadministration of MMR+PCV led to more fever (RIR 1.91 (95% CI 1.83 to 1.99)), neurological events (RIR 2.04 (95% CI 1.67 to 2.49)) and rash (RIR 1.06 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.11)) compared with separate administration, DTaP/IPV/Hib+MMR to more musculoskeletal events (RIR 3.56 (95% CI 1.21 to 10.50)) and MMR+MenC to more fever (RIR 1.58 (95% CI 1.37 to 1.82)). There was no indication that unscheduled coadministrations are less safe than scheduled coadministrations.ConclusionReal-life RIRs of AEFI justify coadministering routine childhood vaccines according to the immunisation schedule. Further research into the severity of AEFI following coadministration is required for a complete understanding of the burden of these AEFI.

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An ecological analysis of socio-economic determinants associated with paediatric vaccination coverage in the Campania Region: A population-based study, years 2003–2017

Mercogliano,

Valdecantos,

Fevola

et al. 2024

Vaccine: X

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Adherence to the paediatric immunisation schedule in England

Cited by 7 publications

References 31 publications

Hospital admissions due to infectious and parasitic diseases in England and Wales between 1999 and 2019: an ecological study

Hospital admissions due to infectious and parasitic diseases in England and Wales between 1999 and 2019: an ecological study

Safety of routine childhood vaccine coadministration versus separate vaccination

An ecological analysis of socio-economic determinants associated with paediatric vaccination coverage in the Campania Region: A population-based study, years 2003–2017

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