Adhesin genes and biofilm formation among pediatric Staphylococcus aureus isolates from implant-associated infections

Abstract

Background Microbial surface component recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs) facilitate Staphylococcus aureus adherence to host tissue. We hypothesized that S. aureus isolates from implant-associated infections (IAIs) would differ in MSCRAMM profile and biofilm formation in vitro compared to skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) isolates. Methods Pediatric patients and their isolates were identified retrospectively. IAI and SSTI isolates were matched (1:4). Pulsed field gel electrophoresis was performed to group isolates as USA300 vs. non-USA300. Whole genome sequencing was performed and raw sequence data were interrogated for presence of MSCRAMMs (clfA, clfB, cna, ebh, efb, fnbpA, fnbpB, isdA, isdB, sdrC, sdrD, sdrE), biofilm-associated (icaA,D,B,C), and Panton-Valentine leukocidin (lukSF-PV) genes, accessory gene regulator group, and multilocus sequence types. In vitro biofilm formation was assessed for 47 IAI and 47 SSTI isolates using a microtiter plate assay. Conditional logistic regression was performed for analysis of matched data (STATA11, College Station, TX). Results Forty-seven IAI and 188 SSTI isolates were studied. IAI isolates were more often methicillin susceptible S. aureus and non-USA300 vs. SSTI isolates [34 (72%) vs. 79 (42%), p = 0.001 and 38 (81%) vs. 57 (30%) p <0.001, respectively]. Greater than 98% of isolates carried clfA, clfB, efb, isdA, isdB, and icaA,D,B,C while cna was more frequently found among IAI vs. SSTI isolates (p = 0.003). Most isolates were strong biofilm producers.

A General Map of Transcriptional Expression of Virulence, Metabolism, and Biofilm Formation Adaptive Changes of Staphylococcus aureus When Exposed to Different Antimicrobials

“…Therefore, decreased expression of lrgA and lrgB could be beneficial to the proliferation of S. aureus and biofilm formation during the logarithmic phase. In addition, we observed increased expression of adhesion genes efb, fnbA, and fnbB, which may also promote biofilm formation in S. aureus (Foster et al, 2020).…”

“…For example, we observed upregulation of the sbi gene, which plays a role in the inhibition of both the innate and adaptive immune responses. The expression of adhesion genes efb, fnbA, and fnbB was upregulated, which may promote S. aureus biofilm formation (Foster et al, 2020). The ATP biosynthetic process (atpC, atpD, and atpG), and DNA replication (dnaB and dnaC) were downregulated during the stationary growth phase.…”

Detection of Genes Encoding Microbial Surface Component Recognizing Adhesive Matrix Molecules in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Pyoderma Patients

“…Previously, microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs) have been described for their capacity to cling to the extracellular matrix of the host. The proteins harbor a common and typical motif, LPXTG, that allows MSCRAMMs to remain attached to the peptidoglycan of the cell wall [ 6 ]. There can be 20 different potential MSCRAMMs that are covalently anchored to peptidoglycan [ 6 ].…”

“…The proteins harbor a common and typical motif, LPXTG, that allows MSCRAMMs to remain attached to the peptidoglycan of the cell wall [ 6 ]. There can be 20 different potential MSCRAMMs that are covalently anchored to peptidoglycan [ 6 ]. These MSCRAMMs can be classified into different subfamilies based on their structural features and ligand specificity.…”

Prevalence and genotypic characteristics of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin-producing Staphylococcus aureus isolates obtained in Jos, North Central Nigeria

“…In humans, infections caused by S. aureus vary from skin lesions to severe invasive infections including bloodstream infections, necrotizing pneumonia and endocarditis [1]. The capacity of S. aureus to cause severe infections is due to their ability to express a wide variety of virulence factors that facilitate adhesion, invasion, and evasion of the host's immune system [2,3].…”