Adhesion and Association Mechanisms of Candida albicans

Kennedy, Michael J.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-3730-3_4

Cited by 116 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 239 publications

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“…C. albicans 10231 and Bakers' yeast showed signi cant increases in adherence ability when cultured in galactose or sucrose while the adherence of clinical S. cerevisiae isolates to BECs showed no signi cant change when cultured in different carbon sources. The nature of the carbon source has been shown previously to have a profound effect on the adherence ability of C. albicans to BECs [16] and cultured cells [22] and has been linked to changes in the yeast cell surface, particularly in the production and secretion of mannoprotein, a putative adhesin associated with the brillar layer of the cell surface [23]. This work indicates that while the adherence of Bakers' yeast to BECs is in uenced by the nature of the carbon source used for growth this effect is not evident in clinical S. cerevisiae isolates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adherence of clinical isolates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to buccal epithelial cells

Murphy

Kavanagh

2001

Med Mycol

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A number of isolates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been associated with disease in immunocompromised individuals. Such isolates display a variety of characteristics that enable colonization and persistence in the host. The aim of the work presented here was to establish whether clinical isolates of S. cerevisiae were capable of adhering to epithelial tissue. Adherence to host tissue has been shown to be crucial to the virulence of the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans, and identi cation of this ability in S. cerevisiae might indicate a role for adherence in tissue colonization by this emerging pathogen. Clinical S. cerevisiae isolates were found to be capable of adhering to exfoliated buccal epithelial cells (BECs) but to a lesser degree than C. albicans. In contrast to the situation evident with C. albicans, the adherence of S. cerevisiae isolates to BECs was not in uenced by the carbon source in which the yeast was grown. Treatment of S. cerevisiae with trypsin or proteinase K resulted in a signi cant reduction in adherence ability while adherence was unaffected by treatment of cells with mannosidase, thus indicating a possible role for proteins rather than mannoproteins in the adherence of S. cerevisiae to BECs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adherence of clinical isolates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to buccal epithelial cells

Murphy

Kavanagh

2001

Med Mycol

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“…This process may be especially important in denture stomatitis where C. albicans can adhere to the acrylic to form a reservoir for chronic dissemination of fungal cells (Budtz-Jo$ rgensen, 1974). A variety of methods have been devised for studying in vitro the adhesion of C. albicans to plastic materials and different types of cells, but all of them present methodological pitfalls including yeast factors such as the strain, and test conditions such as the quantification method (Kennedy, 1988). To minimize some of these methodological shortcomings, two methods have been used in the present study to determine the adhesion of C. albicans to polystyrene : a visual assay and a fluorometric assay.…”

Section: Adhesion Of C Albicans To Polystyrene In the Presence Of Samentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of salivary secretory IgA on the adhesion of Candida albicans to polystyrene

et al. 2000

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Attachment of Candida albicans to plastic materials of dental prostheses or to salivary macromolecules adsorbed on their surface is believed to be a critical event in the development of denture stomatitis. In an earlier study, it was shown that adhesion of C. albicans to polystyrene, a model system to study the adhesion of C. albicans to plastic materials, can be partially inhibited with an mAb directed against cell wall polysaccharides of C. albicans. In the present study, the role of whole saliva in the adhesion of C. albicans to polystyrene has been investigated, and three mAbs directed against epitopes of cell wall mannoproteins have been used to mimic the inhibitory effect observed with salivary secretory IgA (sIgA) on the adhesion of C. albicans to polystyrene. In the absence of whole saliva, adherence of C. albicans 3153 increased with germination. However, the presence of whole saliva enhanced the adhesion to polystyrene of C. albicans 3153 yeast cells but decreased the adhesion of germinated cells. The enhancement of adhesion of yeast cells to polystyrene mediated by saliva was confirmed with an agerminative mutant of C. albicans 3153. The inhibition of the adhesion of C. albicans 3153 germ tubes to polystyrene was due to the salivary sIgA since sIgA-depleted saliva enhanced the adhesion of C. albicans 3153 to polystyrene. The inhibitory effect mediated by sIgA was not related to the inhibition of germination but to the blockage of adhesins expressed on the cell wall surface of the germ tubes. The three mAbs studied reduced the adhesion of C. albicans 3153 to polystyrene at levels equivalent to those for purified sIgA. The highest reduction in the adhesion was obtained with the IgA mAb N3B. The best results were obtained when the three mAbs were combined. The results suggest that whole saliva plays a different role in the adhesion of C. albicans to polystyrene depending on the morphological phase of C. albicans. These results may give new insights into the conflicting role of saliva in the adhesion of C. albicans to plastic materials of dental prostheses.

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“…A number of workers have compared the adherence of Candida albicans yeast isolates from HIV-infected patients and HIV-free subjects to mucosal surfaces, as adherence to host surfaces is a prerequisite for subsequent biofilm formation and colonization (12). However, those studies have yielded variable results showing enhanced adherence to buccal epithelial cells (BECs) by yeast isolates from HIV-positive individuals (32), a comparable degree of adhesion between test and control isolates (34), and an even higher degree of adhesion by control isolates (23).…”

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Biofilm-Forming Ability ofCandida albicansIs Unlikely To Contribute to High Levels of Oral Yeast Carriage in Cases of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Jin¹,

et al. 2003

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An increased prevalence of candidal carriage and oral candidiasis is common in cases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and the reasons for this may include the enhanced ability of colonizing yeasts to produce biofilms on mucosal surfaces. The aim of the present study was therefore to examine the differences, if any, in the biofilm-forming abilities of 26 Candida albicans yeast isolates from HIV-infected individuals and 20 isolates from HIV-free individuals, as this attribute of yeast isolates from patients with HIV disease has not been examined before. Biofilm formation in microtiter plate wells was quantitatively determined by both the 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino) carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide (XTT) reduction method and the crystal violet method. Although candidal biofilm formation could be quantitatively evaluated by either technique, the better reproducibility (P < 0.05) of the XTT reduction assay compared with that of the crystal violet method led us to conclude that the former is more reliable. There were no significant quantitative differences in biofilm formation between C. albicans isolates from HIV-infected patients and isolates from HIV-free individuals during in vitro incubation in a multiwell culture system over a period of 66 h. Three of eight host factors in the HIV-infected group were found to be associated with candidal biofilm formation. Thus, yeasts isolated from older individuals and those with higher CD4-cell counts exhibited decreased biofilm formation, while the findings for yeasts from individuals receiving zidovudine showed the reverse (P < 0.05 for all comparison). Our data indicate that attributes other than biofilm formation may contribute to the increased oral yeast carriage rates in cases of HIV infection.Candida biofilms have recently received considerable attention due to their high prevalence on catheter surfaces (1) and their notorious resistance to antifungals (14, 29). These characteristics of Candida biofilms are likely to contribute to both superficial (26) and systematic candidiasis (21). As candidal infections are the most common fungal infections in individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (27), we hypothesized that isolates recovered from HIV-infected individuals may have better biofilm-forming abilities than those recovered from HIV-free individuals.A number of workers have compared the adherence of Candida albicans yeast isolates from HIV-infected patients and HIV-free subjects to mucosal surfaces, as adherence to host surfaces is a prerequisite for subsequent biofilm formation and colonization (12). However, those studies have yielded variable results showing enhanced adherence to buccal epithelial cells (BECs) by yeast isolates from HIV-positive individuals (32), a comparable degree of adhesion between test and control isolates (34), and an even higher degree of adhesion by control isolates (23). To our knowledge, no group has studied the biofilm-forming abilities of Candida isolates recovered fr...

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Adhesion and Association Mechanisms of Candida albicans

Cited by 116 publications

References 239 publications

Adherence of clinical isolates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to buccal epithelial cells

Adherence of clinical isolates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to buccal epithelial cells

Effect of salivary secretory IgA on the adhesion of Candida albicans to polystyrene

Biofilm-Forming Ability ofCandida albicansIs Unlikely To Contribute to High Levels of Oral Yeast Carriage in Cases of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

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