Adhesion force between cyclopentane hydrates and solid surface materials

Aspenes, Guro; Dieker, Laura E.; Aman, Zachary M.; Høiland, Sylvi; Sum, Amadeu K.; Koh, Carolyn A.; Sloan, E. Dendy

doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2009.11.071

Cited by 151 publications

(156 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

143

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…[17][18][19][20] A few investigations have examined the effect of surface wettability on capillary forces between hydrate particles and surfaces. [21,22] These studies concluded that the deposition of hydrate particles from the fluid bulk onto the pipeline wall is unlikely, because the capillary forces involved are insufficient to maintain adherence of the hydrate particles under flow conditions. However, much higher adhesion forces were reported for hydrates that were grown directly on a surface [21] , indicating that hydrates that form on pipeline walls would likely remain adhered under hydrodynamic forces and providing evidence that their adhesion is governed by forces other than capillary forces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrate-phobic surfaces: fundamental studies in clathrate hydrate adhesion reduction

Smith

Meuler

Bralower

et al. 2012

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Clathrate hydrate formation and subsequent plugging of deep-sea oil and gas pipelines represent a significant bottleneck for deep-sea oil and gas operations and expansion to greater depths. Current methods for hydrate mitigation are energy intensive and environmentally unfriendly, comprising chemical, thermal, or flow management techniques. In this paper, we present an alternate approach of using functionalized coatings to reduce hydrate adhesion to surfaces, ideally to a low enough level that hydrodynamic shear stresses can detach deposits and prevent plug formation. Systematic and quantitative studies of hydrate adhesion on smooth substrates with varying solid surface energies reveal a linear trend between hydrate adhesion strength and the practical work of adhesion (1+cos θ rec ) of a suitable probe liquid, that is, one with similar surface energy properties to those of the hydrate. A reduction in hydrate adhesion strength by more than a factor of four when compared to bare steel is achieved on surfaces characterized by low Lewis acid, Lewis base, and van der Waals contributions to surface free energy such that the practical work of adhesion is minimized.These fundamental studies provide a framework for the development of hydrate-phobic surfaces, and could lead to passive enhancement of flow assurance and prevention of blockages in deep-sea oil and gas operations.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrate-phobic surfaces: fundamental studies in clathrate hydrate adhesion reduction

Smith

Meuler

Bralower

et al. 2012

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…4,6,9,[20][21][22][23][24][25] They formed CyC5 hydrate particles by freezing water droplets inside a bath of CyC5 and then brought them into contact with either similarly-formed CyC5 hydrate particles or various solid surfaces. [26][27][28] They used a micro-mechanical adhesion apparatus to measure the adhesion force between previously-formed hydrate particles, 22,26 and/or hydrate and ice particles, with and without the presence of another liquid (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation into the Formation and Adhesion of Cyclopentane Hydrates on Mechanically Robust Vapor-Deposited Polymeric Coatings

Sojoudi¹,

Walsh

Gleason³

et al. 2015

Langmuir

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Blockage of pipelines by formation and accumulation of clathrate hydrates of natural gasses (also called gas hydrates) can compromise project safety and economics in oil and gas operations, particularly at high pressures and low temperatures such as those found in subsea or arctic environments. Cyclopentane (CyC5) hydrate has attracted interest as a model system for studying natural gas hydrates, because CyC5, like typical natural gas hydrate formers, is almost fully immiscible in water; and thus CyC5 hydrate formation is governed not only by thermodynamic phase considerations but also kinetic factors such as hydrocarbon/water interfacial area and mass & heat transfer, as for natural gas hydrates. We present a macroscale investigation of the formation and adhesion strength of CyC5 hydrate deposits on bilayer polymer coatings with a range of wettabilities. The polymeric bilayer coatings are developed using initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) of a mechanically-robust and 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 2 densely-cross-linked polymeric base layer (poly-divinyl benzene or pDVB) that is capped with a covalently-attached thin hydrate-phobic fluorine-rich top layer (polyperfluorodecylacrylate or pPFDA). The CyC5 hydrates are formed from CyC5-in-water emulsions, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is used to confirm the thermal dissociation properties of the solid hydrate deposits. We also investigate the adhesion of the CyC5 hydrate deposits on bare and bilayer polymer-coated silicon and steel substrates.Goniometric measurements with drops of CyC5-in-water emulsions on the coated steel substrates exhibit advancing contact angles of 148.3º ± 4.5º and receding contact angles of 142.5º ± 9.8º, indicating the strongly emulsion-repelling nature of the iCVD coatings. The adhesion strength of the CyC5 hydrate deposits reduced from 220±45 kPa on rough steel substrates to 20±17 kPa on the polymer-coated steel substrates. The measured strength of CyC5 hydrate adhesion is found to correlate very well with the work of adhesion between the emulsion droplets used to form the CyC5 hydrate and the underlying substrates.

show abstract

“…When previously-formed hydrate particles are brought into contact with each other and/or with a desired test substrate, subcooling plays an important role in the adhesion strength that develops between two interacting parts. [23,24,26] It has been shown that the growth rate of hydrates increases as subcooling temperature and/or time increases. [17,35] To investigate the impact of subcooling temperature and time on the hydrate adhesion strength, a solution with χ THF = 0.19 was prepared and used to study formation of THF hydrates on bare and polymer coated substrates (LFG-BL (40 nm)) under various solidification condition.…”

Section: Subcooling Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[24] The effects of contact force, contact time, and subcooling temperature were investigated in these studies. [23,24,25,26] Hun et al, studied interaction behavior between hydrate particles and water in a temperature-controlled hydrocarbon environment utilizing an apparatus fabricated with a microbalance and z-axis stage. [27] Both groups explained the adhesion forces and trends by a capillary bridge forming between the contacting hydrate particles and/or hydrate particles and liquid droplets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They found that the adhesion force between the hydrate particles and the solid surfaces increases more than ten-fold when the solid surfaces are waterwet. [26] In these studies, hydrate particles were formed by freezing ice particles inside a bath of hydrate-forming liquid and then brought into contact with either similarly formed hydrate particles and/or various solid surfaces. To understand the impact of hydrates crystallization on their adhesion strength, there is a need to study the formation and subsequent adhesion of hydrates on surfaces and investigate the effect of surface energy on their adhesion strength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Designing Durable Vapor‐Deposited Surfaces for Reduced Hydrate Adhesion

Sojoudi

Walsh

Gleason

et al. 2015

Adv Materials Inter

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The formation and accumulation of clathrate hydrates inside oil and gas pipelines causes severe problems in deep-sea oil/gas operations. In the present work, durable and mechanically-robust bilayer poly-divinyl benzene (pDVB)/poly(perfluorodecylacrylate) (pPFDA) coatings are developed using initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) to reduce the adhesion strength of hydrates to underlying substrates. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) dissolved in water with a wt. % concentration of 0-70 is used to study the formation of hydrates and their adhesion strength. Goniometric measurements of water droplets on the coated substrates exhibit advancing contact angles of 157.8º ± 2.3º and receding contact angles of 131º ± 8º, whereas 70 wt. % THF in water droplets present advancing angle of 85.1º ± 6.1º and receding angle of 48.5º ± 4.9º. The strength of hydrate adhesion experiences a ten-fold reduction when substrates are coated with these iCVD polymers: from 1050±250 kPa on bare substrates to 128±100 kPa on coated ones. The impact of subcooling temperature and time on the adhesion 2 strength of hydrate on substrates is also studied. The results of this work suggest that the THF-water mixture repellency of a given substrate can be utilized to assess its hydrate-phobic behavior; hence, it opens a pathway for studying hydrate-phobicity.

show abstract

Adhesion force between cyclopentane hydrates and solid surface materials

Cited by 151 publications

References 25 publications

Hydrate-phobic surfaces: fundamental studies in clathrate hydrate adhesion reduction

Hydrate-phobic surfaces: fundamental studies in clathrate hydrate adhesion reduction

Investigation into the Formation and Adhesion of Cyclopentane Hydrates on Mechanically Robust Vapor-Deposited Polymeric Coatings

Designing Durable Vapor‐Deposited Surfaces for Reduced Hydrate Adhesion

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About