Adhesion of anaerobic periodontal pathogens to extracellular matrix proteins

Abstract

Extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins are highly abundant in the human body and can be found in various tissues, most prominently in connective tissue and basement membrane. For invasive bacterial pathogens, these structures function as physical barriers that block access to underlying tissues. The ability to bind and degrade these barriers is important for the establishment of infections and migration to other body sites. In the oral cavity, the ECM and the basement membrane (BM) are important components of the Junctional epithelium (JE) that closes the gap between the teeth surface and the mucosa. In periodontitis, the JE is breached by invading pathogenic bacteria, particularly strict anaerobic species. In periodontitis, invading microorganisms induce an unregulated and destructive host response through polymicrobial synergism and dysbiosis that attracts immune cells and contributes to the destruction of connective tissue and bone in the periodontal pocket. Colonization of the periodontal pocket is the first step to establish this infection, and binding to ECM is a major advantage in this site. Several species of strict anaerobic bacteria are implicated in acute and chronic periodontitis, and although binding to ECM proteins was studied in these species, few adhesins were identified so far, and the mechanisms involved in adhesion are largely unidentified. This review summarizes the data available on the interaction of strict anaerobic bacteria and components of the ECM.

Subgingival Microbiota and Periodontal Clinical Status in Patients with Plaque Psoriasis

“…The dysbiosis in the periodontal pocket is considered a main factor in a bidirectional relationship in chronic disease[ 11 22 23 24 ] promoting the production of interleukins,[ 25 ] prostaglandins,[ 26 ] leukotrienes,[ 27 ] activation of osteoclast,[ 28 ] bone destruction, and creation of a gateway to different oral bacteria to the body. [ 29 ] Moreover, oral dysbiosis has been associated with the imbalance of the microbiota in other areas of the body.…”

The burden of diabetes on the soft tissue seal surrounding the dental implants

“…In the oral cavity, JE can express defensins, chemokines and cytokines ( Groeger and Meyle, 2019 ). When bacteria colonize JE, the adhesion of keratinocytes is negatively affected, and laminin and collagen present in JE become binding sites for pathogens ( Marre et al, 2020 ). In conclusion, the difference between hyperglycemia and normoglycemia is mainly in the deep pockets around the implants ( Sabancı et al, 2022 ), and diabetic patients are more susceptible to microbiome changes than normal healthy individuals ( Sabancı et al, 2022 ).…”

Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Associated Gut Commensals Degrade Components of the Extracellular Matrix

“…Bacterial pathogens have been shown to bind and degrade the ECM to invade intestinal and other host tissues ( 37 – 40 ). Similarly, bacteria associated with oral microbiota dysbiosis can break down components of the basal lamina, which potentially contributes to the progression of periodontal disease ( 41 – 43 ). Prominent members of the gut microbiome, such as Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron ( B. theta ) and Bacteroides fragilis , are also known to express sulfatases ( 44 , 45 ) and gelatinases ( 46 , 47 ), respectively.…”