Adhesive Joint Design for Minimizing Fiber Alignment Shift During UV Curing

Lin, Yaojun; Liu, Wenning; Shi, Frank G.

doi:10.1109/tadvp.2005.850505

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…When the optimal position is found, the fiber is fixed to the chip, usually by UV-curing adhesive [2]. However, adhesives are prone to shrinkage during or after the curing process, which causes misalignment after the final bonding step [8]. Therefore, there is a need for alignment methods to (re)align the fiber actively by an actuator integrated in the device.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High precision optical fiber alignment using tube laser bending

Folkersma

Römer

Brouwer

et al. 2015

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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In this paper, we present a method to align optical fibers within 0.2 μm of the optimal position, using tube laser bending and in situ measuring of the coupling efficiency. For near-UV wavelengths, passive alignment of the fibers with respect to the waveguides on photonic integrated circuit chips does not suffice. In prior research, it was shown that permanent position adjustments to an optical fiber by tube laser bending meets the accuracy requirements for this application. This iterative alignment can be done after any assembly steps. A method was developed previously that selects the optimal laser power and laser spot position on the tube, to minimize the number of iterations required to reach the target position. In this paper, that method is extended to the case where the absolute position of the fiber tip cannot be measured. By exploiting the thermal expansion motion at a relatively low laser power, the fiber tip can be moved without permanent deformation (only elastic strain) of the tube. An algorithm has been developed to search for the optimal fiber position, by actively measuring and maximizing the coupling efficiency. This search is performed before each bending step. Experiments have shown that it is possible to align the fiber with an accuracy of 0.2 μm using this approach.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High precision optical fiber alignment using tube laser bending

Folkersma

Römer

Brouwer

et al. 2015

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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“…The stress is generated in the waveguide materials mainly due to the thermal expansion mismatch among the constituent materials. In polymer based optical waveguides, the stress can also be generated due to the polymerization shrinkage even at room temperature when cured under UV light [5]. Due to the photoelastic effect, this stress may cause anisotropic changes in the material refractive index (i.e., material birefringence), which then makes the device polarization dependent [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of stress-birefringence in polymer optical strip waveguides with air cladding

Hossain

Rahman

Chan

2014

8th International Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering

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Thermal stress which is unavoidably generated in the fabrication process alters the optical property of the waveguide materials and thus hinders the realization of polarization insensitive devices. This work reports the detailed numerical investigation of stress-induced birefringence in polymer strip waveguide. A more realistic model is used in the finite element analysis to estimate the stresses induced over the entire sequential fabrication process. It is observed that the birefringence in the strip channel is non-uniform which is maximum near the lower cladding and decreases to zero towards the top of the channel. The variation in birefringence is also influenced by the waveguide geometries. Such birefringence characteristics are obtained and discussed in a generalized form, allowing for their applicability with various polymer materials. Thus, the generalized characteristics can be used to determine the stress-birefringence of a polymer strip waveguide with air cladding only by knowing the stress-birefringence in its planar film. This will eliminate the necessity of extensive numerical analysis for the prediction of thermal stress in polymer waveguides and will be more accurate than analytical solutions.

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“…When the optimal position is found, the fiber is fixed to the chip, usually by UV-curing adhesive [2]. However, the adhesives are prone to shrinkage during and/or after the curing process, which causes misalignment after the final bonding step [8]. Other joining methods, such as welding, soldering and clamping lead to similar kind of misalignment problems due to inherent stress.…”

Section: Mathematical Notationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser forming for sub-micron adjustment: with application to optical fiber assembly

Folkersma¹

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Adhesive Joint Design for Minimizing Fiber Alignment Shift During UV Curing

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

High precision optical fiber alignment using tube laser bending

High precision optical fiber alignment using tube laser bending

Characteristics of stress-birefringence in polymer optical strip waveguides with air cladding

Laser forming for sub-micron adjustment: with application to optical fiber assembly

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