Adhesive properties: a critical issue in transdermal patch development

Cilurzo, Francesco; Gennari, C.; Minghetti, Paola

doi:10.1517/17425247.2012.637107

Cited by 127 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…The ability of DIA‐TDDS to adhere to skin is dependent on adhesive and cohesive strengths of PSA formulation. Peel adhesion and tack tests, as described in American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)/Pressure Sensitive Tape Council (PSTC), are indicative of adhesive strength, whereas shear strength or creep compliance is a measure of cohesive strength …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stereomicroscopic Imaging Technique for the Quantification of Cold Flow in Drug-in-Adhesive Type of Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

Krishnaiah

Katragadda

Khan

2014

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stereomicroscopic Imaging Technique for the Quantification of Cold Flow in Drug-in-Adhesive Type of Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

Krishnaiah

Katragadda

Khan

2014

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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“…Four tests are generally used to evaluate in vitro adhesive properties: the liner release test (force required to remove the liner from the adhesive prior to application of the patch, to determine the feasibility of removal by the patient), the probe tack test (ability of the adhesive to adhere to the surface with minimal contact pressure), the peel adhesion test (force required to peel away an adhesive after it has been attached to the substrate) and the shear test (static or dynamic) (the internal or cohesive strength of the adhesive) (Venkatraman and Gale, ; Mausar, ; Banerjee et al ., ). Stainless steel remains the preferred substrate used for in vitro testing as it represents an acceptable alternative to human skin, which usually poses ethical issues, restricted availability (Cilurzo et al ., ) and high variability. An ideal PSA used as part of a transdermal patch, (i) allows easy removal of the (properly selected) protective liner of the patch before use; (ii) has an initial affinity for human skin; (iii) adheres properly to human skin upon application; (iv) remains in place on the skin surface during the whole labelled wear‐period; and (v) permits easy and clean removal of the patch after the period of use (Mausar, ; Van Buskirk et al ., ).…”

Section: Variability Safety and Regulatory Issues For Patchesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Transdermal patches: history, development and pharmacology

Pastore

Kalia

Horstmann³

et al. 2015

British J Pharmacology

434

279

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Transdermal patches are now widely used as cosmetic, topical and transdermal delivery systems. These patches represent a key outcome from the growth in skin science, technology and expertise developed through trial and error, clinical observation and evidence-based studies that date back to the first existing human records. This review begins with the earliest topical therapies and traces topical delivery to the present-day transdermal patches, describing along the way the initial trials, devices and drug delivery systems that underpin current transdermal patches and their actives. This is followed by consideration of the evolution in the various patch designs and their limitations as well as requirements for actives to be used for transdermal delivery. The properties of and issues associated with the use of currently marketed products, such as variability, safety and regulatory aspects, are then described. The review concludes by examining future prospects for transdermal patches and drug delivery systems, such as the combination of active delivery systems with patches, minimally invasive microneedle patches and cutaneous solutions, including metered-dose systems.

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“…CGM systems need to do so over a time span of 6 to 14 days, while the system is worn by the patient during his daily routine which asks for different solutions of mechanical coupling and electrical connections. CGM measurement devices need to be attached to the patient's skin via adhesive patches commonly used for transdermal applications [291][292][293]. BGM test strips do not require sterilization prior to use.…”

Section: Electrochemical Glucose Biosensors For Diabetes Carementioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Glucose Biosensors for Diabetes Care

Ocvirk¹,

Buck²,

DuVall³

2016

Trends in Bioelectroanalysis

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Blood glucose monitoring (BGM) is the most successful application of electrochemical biosensor technology and has motivated tremendous improvements in biology, chemistry, measurement, and fabrication methods of biosensors. The performance of electrochemical biosensors used for BGM has improved greatly over the last four decades. Technological advance has allowed to measure blood glucose (BG) over a wide range of glucose concentration, a wide temperature and hematocrit range in the presence of an abundance of interfering substances with ever-increasing accuracy, and precision in minute sample volumes. The use of optimized enzymes, mediators, and electrochemical measurement methods enables this tremendous progress in performance. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems based on minimally invasive amperometric sensors, inserted into the subcutaneous tissue, have significantly improved over initial offerings over the last 15 years with regard to time of use, accuracy, reliability, and convenience due to a multitude of parallel advances: materials needed for enzyme immobilization, polymeric cover membranes, and biocompatible coatings needed to tackle the response by the complex body interface have been developed; wireless transfer and processing of unprecedented data volume have been established; effortless and painless insertion schemes of ever smaller sensors have been realized in order to overcome the concerns of persons with diabetes (PwDs) to use a minimally invasive sensor; and scalable manufacturing technologies of miniaturized minimally invasive sensors have allowed for ever improved reproducibility and increased production volume. Looking ahead, the demands on blood glucose system performance G. Ocvirk (*) Roche Diabetes Care GmbH, Mannheim, Germany e-mail: gregor.ocvirk@roche.com H. Buck and S.H. DuVall Roche Diabetes Care, Inc., Indianapolis, IN, USA e-mail: harvey.buck@roche.com; stacy.duvall@roche.com are expected to grow even as the pressures to lower the cost of systems increase. The drive for the future is to continue to push the limits on system performance under real-life conditions while lowering cost, all while finding ways to provide the best medical value to PwDs and healthcare providers. Technical issues of commercially available CGM sensors remain to be solved which currently impede reliable hypo-and hyperglycemic alarms, safe insulin dosing recommendations, or insulin pump control at any time of use. It is realistic to assume that continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems will be adopted in the future by a larger population of PwDs. Yet it is also clear that BGM systems will remain a major choice of the great majority of PwDs on a global scale. This review offers a technical overview about user, system, and major regulatory requirements and available suitable sensor technology and demonstrated performance of electrochemical BGM and CGM systems from an industrial R&D perspective.

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Adhesive properties: a critical issue in transdermal patch development

Cited by 127 publications

References 74 publications

Stereomicroscopic Imaging Technique for the Quantification of Cold Flow in Drug-in-Adhesive Type of Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

Stereomicroscopic Imaging Technique for the Quantification of Cold Flow in Drug-in-Adhesive Type of Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

Transdermal patches: history, development and pharmacology

Electrochemical Glucose Biosensors for Diabetes Care

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