Adhesive systems applied to dentin substrate under electric current; systematic review

Abstract

Objectives The purpose of this systematic review was to collect and discuss the technique of adhesive systems application on dentin substrate under electric current. Materials and Methods The first search strategy was based on data available at PubMed, LILACS, Scielo, Scopus, and Cochrane Library, using a combination of descriptors such as “dentin bond agents OR adhesive system AND electric current OR electrobond” or “dentin bonding agents OR dentin bonding agent application OR adhesive system AND electric current OR electrobond”, with no limit regarding the publication year. The second search strategy was based on the articles' references found previously. An additional search strategy was applied that concerned the proposed theme in the SBU-UNICAMP (Unicamp's Library System Institutional Repository). Results Twelve studies published between 2006 and 2020 were found. The analyses of the selected studies showed that the use of electric current during adhesive systems application on dentin, whether conventional or self-conditioning, increases resinous monomer infiltration in the dentin substrate, which improves the hybridization processes and the bond strength of the restorative material to dentin. Conclusions Despite the favorable results related to the use of this technique, there is still no specific protocol for the application of adhesive systems under electric current.

Iontophoresis effects of two-step self-etch and total-etch systems on dentin permeability and sealing of composite restoration under simulated pulpal pressure

“…Although study designs, electric currents, and types of adhesives were different, this study was consistent with the previous results showing significant improvements in the bond strength and the bonding quality after applying self-etch [ 14 – 16 ] or two-step, etch-and-rinse adhesives [ 17 – 20 ] with the electric currents varying from 0 to 110 μA [ 21 ]. The electric-current-assisted application of etch-and-rinse adhesive (Single Bond) also decreased microleakage scores of the class V cavities under simulated pulpal pressure [ 26 ], which corresponded to the results of this study.…”

“…The use of iontophoresis to enhance drug delivery through the tooth structure was widely investigated, with promising results indicating the possibilities to apply to the field of restorative dentistry [ 11 – 13 ]. Studies demonstrated the bond strength enhancement and the decrease in degradation of the adhesive interface after applying either self-etch adhesives [ 14 – 16 ] or two-step, etch-and-rinse adhesives [ 17 – 20 ] under an electric field [ 21 ]. The intensity of the applied current contributing to the significantly higher bond strength was from 0 to 110 μA.…”

“…Such phenomenon, so-called electroosmosis, is produced during the iontophoresis through a tissue causing an enhanced delivery of agents through dentin. Also, a DC device is necessary to guarantee the constant current applied during the drug delivery of the iontophoresis because the compositions of the tooth structure are highly variable among individuals, resulting in differences in the electrical resistances of the tooth areas [ 14 , 21 , 25 ]. Therefore, the bonding agent delivered with a DC iontophoresis can ensure its effect on the dentinal fluid movement with increasing infiltration of the adhesive interface.…”