Adiabatic population transfer with frequency-swept laser pulses

Melinger, Joseph S.; Gandhi, Suketu R.; Hariharan, A.; Goswami, Debabrata; Warren, W. S.

doi:10.1063/1.468368

Cited by 184 publications

(56 citation statements)

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“…The key change lies in the excitation pulse: the system is excited resonantly by a laser pulse that passed a compressor comprised of two reflection gratings with 2000 lines/mm [26] before reaching the sample. As a result, the frequency in the excitation pulse sweeps now linearly in time [15], with an instantaneous pulse frequency ω i (t) = ω 0 + 2bt, where b is the sweep rate. The frequency sweep should be slow enough such that the system is at any given time during the interaction in an eigenstate [15].…”

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“…In the context of semiconductor quantum dots adiabatic population transfer has been induced by a slow variation of the electrostatically defined confinement potential [14]. For applications in atomic physics and chemistry for quantum states separated by frequencies in the optical domain, chirped laser pulses, in strong analogy to NMR, have been used to induce complete population transfer via adiabatic passage [12,15,16]. Our experiments demonstrate the power of adiabatic population transfer between individual quantum states in condensed matter, paving the way for stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) [12,17], efficient spin state preparation [18,19] and quantum condensation of excitons in a microcavity [20].…”

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Robust Quantum Dot Exciton Generation via Adiabatic Passage with Frequency-Swept Optical Pulses

et al. 2011

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The energy states in semiconductor quantum dots are discrete as in atoms, and quantum states can be coherently controlled with resonant laser pulses. Long coherence times allow the observation of Rabi-flopping of a single dipole transition in a solid state device, for which occupancy of the upper state depends sensitively on the dipole moment and the excitation laser power. We report on the robust preparation of a quantum state using an optical technique that exploits rapid adiabatic passage from the ground to an excited state through excitation with laser pulses whose frequency is swept through the resonance. This observation in photoluminescence experiments is made possible by introducing a novel optical detection scheme for the resonant electron hole pair (exciton) generation. Photon correlation measurements along with resonant laser scattering have established the atom-like character of the interband transitions in quantum dots [1][2][3]. Excitation of a two level system by a short, intense laser pulse can induce an oscillation of the system between the upper and lower state during the pulse, at the Rabi frequency Ω(t) = µA(t)/ where µ is the dipole moment of the transition and A(t) the electric field envelope of the laser pulse. Any quantum state (qubit) manipulation scheme benefits from the long coherence times in quantum dots [4] and necessitates fast and robust initial state preparation [5][6][7]. In principle a two level system can be initialised in the upper state with a maximum fidelity of 100% if the laser power is optimised in order to induce exactly half a Rabi oscillation during the pulse duration, a so-called π pulse [8][9][10]. Although Rabi oscillations observed in a single dot or for individual atoms [11] are a beautiful example of strong coupling between laser light and a single dipole, this commonly used technique presents two major drawbacks: (i) the upper state population is highly sensitive to fluctuations in the system, such as laser power, and (ii) in measurements on dot ensembles, an inhomogeneous distribution of dipole moments and transition energies among dots requires different laser intensities and frequencies for inducing a population transfer of the dot ensemble.Here we show that these drawbacks can be overcome by inducing an adiabatic passage with frequency-swept laser pulses. Unlike Rabi cycling, adiabatic passage is robust against small-to-moderate variations in the laser * Corresponding author : urbaszek@insa-toulouse.fr intensity, detuning, dipole moment and interaction time [12]. Chirped radiofrequency (RF) pulses are commonly used in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) based imaging [13]. In the context of semiconductor quantum dots adiabatic population transfer has been induced by a slow variation of the electrostatically defined confinement potential [14]. For applications in atomic physics and chemistry for quantum states separated by frequencies in the optical domain, chirped laser pulses, in strong analogy to NMR, have been used to induce complete population transfer via...

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Robust Quantum Dot Exciton Generation via Adiabatic Passage with Frequency-Swept Optical Pulses

et al. 2011

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“…The frequency-swept adiabatic passage technique [59,60] is chosen to perform the population transfer in lithium atoms owing to its simplicity and controllability. This scheme can be understood within a dressed-state picture.…”

Section: Frequency-swept Adiabatic Passagementioning

confidence: 99%

Time-resolved electron(e,2e)momentum spectroscopy: Application to laser-driven electron population transfer in atoms

Shao

Starace

2018

Phys. Rev. A

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Owing to its ability to provide unique information on electron dynamics, time-resolved electron momentum spectroscopy (EMS) is used to study theoretically a laser-driven electronic motion in atoms. Specifically, a chirped laser pulse is used to adiabatically transfer the populations of lithium atoms from the ground state to the first excited state. During this process, impact ionization near the Bethe ridge by time-delayed ultrashort, high-energy electron pulses is used to image the instantaneous momentum density of this electronic population transfer. Simulations with 100 fs and 1 fs pulse durations demonstrate the capability of EMS to image the time-varying momentum density, including its change of symmetry as the population transfer progresses. Moreover, the spectra corresponding to different pulse durations reveal different kinds of electronic motion. We discuss how to properly interpret these time-resolved EMS spectra, which represent a generalization of time-independent EMS.

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“…We first demonstrate a simple Hadamard operation with phase modulated laser pulses. Next we show how selective population transfer in a three-level system that has also been demonstrated experimentally [6,7] can be a very useful adiabatic quantum computing logic. Finally, we show that it is possible to decouple states that are parts of the coupled vibrational relaxation tier into simple qubits through control of decoherence through adiabatic coupling.…”

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Adiabatic quantum computing with phase modulated laser pulses

Goswami¹

2005

J. Phys. A: Math. Gen.

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Implementation of quantum logical gates for multilevel systems is demonstrated through decoherence control under the quantum adiabatic method using simple phase modulated laser pulses. We make use of selective population inversion and Hamiltonian evolution with time to achieve such goals robustly instead of the standard unitary transformation language.Use of adiabatic evolution for quantum computation has recently become an attractive approach due to its inherent robustness [1][2][3][4]. In the framework of the adiabatic quantum method, logical implementation of quantum gates uses the language of ground states, spectral gaps and Hamiltonians wherein a quantum gate represents a device which performs a unitary transformation on selected qubits in a fixed period of time. Thus, a computational procedure in the adiabatic quantum computation model is described by the continuous time evolution of a time-dependent Hamiltonian with limited energetic resources-an aspect that is often neglected in the unitary gate language [5].In this letter, we show that an important aspect of the adiabatic quantum computation model lies in addressing an atomic or molecular ensemble and hence in robust implementation. We first demonstrate a simple Hadamard operation with phase modulated laser pulses. Next we show how selective population transfer in a three-level system that has also been demonstrated experimentally [6,7] can be a very useful adiabatic quantum computing logic. Finally, we show that it is possible to decouple states that are parts of the coupled vibrational relaxation tier into simple qubits through control of decoherence through adiabatic coupling. As far as we know, these results are the first realistic demonstration of the possibility of using ensemble states for adiabatic quantum computation in multilevel systems.We apply a linearly polarized laser pulse of the form E(t) = ɛ(t) e i[ωt+φ(t)] to a simple twolevel system with |1〉 → |2〉 transition, where |1〉 and |2〉 represent the ground and excited eigenlevels, respectively, of the field-free Hamiltonian. The laser carrier frequency or the centre frequency for pulsed lasers is ω. We have ɛ(t) and φ(t) as the instantaneous amplitude and phase, respectively. We can define the rate of change of instantaneous phase, , as the frequency sweep. If we expand the instantaneous phase function of E(t) as a Taylor series with constants b n , we have In a recent paper [8], we have proposed the use of simple chirped pulses, which, by contrast, have been produced routinely at very high intensities and at various different wavelengths for many applications, including selective excitation of molecules in coherent control. Establishing this generalization enables us to treat all possible chirped pulse cases by exploring the effects of each of the terms in equation (1) initially for a simple two-level system and then extend it to the multilevel situation for a model five-level system of anthracene molecule, which has been previously investigated with complicated shapedpulses [9,10]. ...

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Adiabatic population transfer with frequency-swept laser pulses

Cited by 184 publications

References 50 publications

Robust Quantum Dot Exciton Generation via Adiabatic Passage with Frequency-Swept Optical Pulses

Robust Quantum Dot Exciton Generation via Adiabatic Passage with Frequency-Swept Optical Pulses

Time-resolved electron(e,2e)momentum spectroscopy: Application to laser-driven electron population transfer in atoms

Adiabatic quantum computing with phase modulated laser pulses

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