Adicción a la comida y estado nutricional en adolescentes de una preparatoria pública en México

Abstract

Objetivos: Conocer la prevalencia de la adicción a la comida de acuerdo a la edad, sexo e índice de masa corporal, y determinar la asociación entre la adicción a la comida y el estado nutricional en adolescentes del norte de México. Método: Estudio descriptivo correlacional de corte transversal, realizado durante agosto y septiembre de 2018. La población se conformó por 630 adolescentes estudiantes de 15 a 17 años de edad, de una preparatoria pública en Nuevo León, México, a los que se les realizaron mediciones antropométricas y se empleó el cuestionario Yale Food Addiction Scale. Resultados: Una muestra de 245 adolescentes, predominando el sexo femenino (53,1%), con una edad media de 15,83 años, la media de índice de masa corporal fue de 23,18 kg/mt2 (S = 3,74) en hombres y 24,57 kg/mt2 (S = 4,00) en mujeres. El 87,8% de los adolescentes presentó positivo el criterio “deseo frustrado de parar el consumo”, el 36,3% la tolerancia, y el 34,3% el consumo a pesar de las consecuencias. El 20,7% de los adolescentes con sobrepeso presentan adicción a la comida. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los adolescentes presentan peso normal, las mujeres presentaron un índice de masa corporal mayor que el de los hombres, menos de la mitad de los participantes presenta adicción a la comida predominando los criterios positivos en mujeres, adolescentes en condición de sobrepeso, obesidad y de mayor edad. No se encontró asociación entre adicción a la comida y estado nutricional. Objective: To know the prevalence of food addiction according to age, sex, and body mass index and to determine the association between food addiction and nutritional status in adolescents from northern México. Method: Cross-sectional study with a descriptive and correlational design, carried out during August and September 2018; the study population was comprised by 630 adolescents, students, ranging from 15 to 17 years of age, from a public high school in Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Anthropometric measurements were taken and the Yale Food Addiction Scale questionnaire was used. Results: A sample of 245 adolescents predominantly female (53.1%), with a mean age of 15.83 years; mean body mass index was 23.18 kg/mt2 (S = 3.74) in males and 24.57 kg/mt2 (S = 4.00) in females; 87.8% of adolescents showed positive to the frustrated desire to stop consumption criterion, 36.3% tolerance, and 34.3% consumption despite the consequences; 20.7% of overweight adolescents showed food addiction. Conclusions: The majority of adolescents showed normal weight, while women showed a body mass index (BMI) higher than men; less than half of the participants had food addiction; positive criteria prevailed in women, and adolescents with overweight and obesity, and older. No association was found between food addiction and nutritional status.

The Quality of Breakfast and Healthy Diet in School-aged Adolescents and Their Association with BMI, Weight Loss Diets and the Practice of Physical Activity

“…In this sense, recent research [67] reveals the relevance of promoting good dietary habits from all the areas of development of the adolescent, i.e., family, school and community on account of the consequences that this has for their health in the short and long term. Current research studies [63,68] into different contexts point out the important role that this early nutritional education has in the emergence of eating disorders in adolescents, as well as the need to draw up strategies and protocols of action once these appear. What is most relevant from the point of view of this scenario is that the findings deriving from this study enable us to contribute to the completion of studies on personality patterns and other psychologic variables, which are the result of habits learned in development stages previous to adulthood, and the chronification of which is highly resilient to intervention [61].…”

Symptoms of Addictive Eating: What Do Different Health Professions Think?

“…There were minimal differences however between health professionals based on whether they work with infants, children and adolescents, adults, or across the lifespan. This lack of difference is interesting, given that studies have demonstrated the severity of addictive eating is often greater with increased age [15][16][17]. This might have meant greater agreement among those working with adults; however, the lack of difference could be due to the small proportion of the sample who work with infants, children and/or adolescents only in this study (11%) or given the period of adolescence and the wide variety of changes that occur or are reported at this age.…”

Comprendiendo la prevención de la obesidad desde un modelo de promoción de la salud, desde el apoyo familiar: Revisión de literatura

“…Se ha identificado que, a menor edad, mayor control del peso, pues conforme incrementan los años, la masa grasa corporal incrementa y la masa magra disminuye (Avsar et al, 2017;Mazurek Melnyk et al, 2015). El sexo que predomina en el sobrepeso y obesidad es la mujer (Devaux & Vuik, 2019;Guevara Valtier et al, 2020;Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía, 2017;Rangel Caballero et al, 2015;Sinclair et al, 2016).…”

“…El primero, provoca sentimientos positivos y de pertenencia en los adolescentes (Holmberg et al, 2019). Los mensajes de texto, aplicaciones móviles, correos electrónicos, plataformas tipo Facebook, Instagram o Twitter, el internet y videos de YouTube, promueven la adopción de hábitos saludables, sobre todo cuando se muestra al adolescente como modelo a seguir en su contenido (Chau et al, 2018;Chávez Montes-de Oca et al, 2018;Guevara Valtier et al, 2020;Hunter et al, 2019;Mason et al, 2018). Específicamente, los adolescentes eligen determinada red social en función de lo que pretenden mostrar.…”