Adipobiology of Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes and dementia: a common link or coincidental coexistence?

“…Likewise, the body of evidence has to grow and further develop before an opinion can be reached on the suggestion that Alzheimer's disease can be viewed as type 3 diabetes mellitus (34)(35)(36)(37) as well as understanding the association between obesity and dementia (38)(39)(40). Further, altered, usually decreased, plasma levels of the neurotrophins nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor are associated with psychiatric disorders, such as depression and dementia, and diabetes including the metabolic syndrome (41)(42)(43)(44). Overall these may have important therapeutic and public health implications.…”

Protein pieces of adipose tissue secretory puzzle

“…Although the discovery of first adipose-derived endocrine factor, the serine protease adipsin, is traced back to 1987 (1), it was the discovery of leptin in 1994 (2) that centered many studies on the secretory function of adipose tissue, thus defining a new field of study, adipobiology: the study of the molecular and cellular biology of the normal and diseased adipose tissue and related disorders (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13). These studies' results have indeed shifted the paradigm of adipose tissue from a simple energy storage to a major body's endocrine organ.…”

“…These studies' results have indeed shifted the paradigm of adipose tissue from a simple energy storage to a major body's endocrine organ. The adipose-secreted products include an increasing number of signaling proteins, conceptually designated adipocytokines (14,15) or adipokines (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20), the latter terminology being more accurate because not solely adipocytes, but even in a greater capacity, non-adipocytes of adipose tissue (such as matrix cells, stromovascular cells and associated macrophages and mast cells) are sources of adipose cytokines (adipokine) whereas adipocyte-derived cytokines (adipocytokines) should be considered members of the adipokine family of proteins, as defined from a cell-topological viewpoint. Functionally, adipokines are involved in the regulation of a wide range of biological processes far beyond lipid, glucose and energy metabolism.…”

“…In this review, we attempt to present the secretory nature of adipose tissue cells, and emphasis on the implications of Töre and Tunçel adipokines in the pathogenesis of a large number of diseases. In addition to the many excellent reviews that have been written recently (3,(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20), including about perivascular adipose tissue (21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26) and obesity (27,28), the aim of our review is also to further describe how the knowledge of adipose tissue secretion may be explored in studying adipopharmacology of diseases, particularly cardiometabolic diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and lipodystrophy.…”