Adipocyte blood flow: influence of age, anatomic location, and dietary manipulation

Crandall, David L.; Goldstein, Brian M.; Huggins, Franklin; Cervoni, Peter

doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1984.247.1.r46

Cited by 34 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For the N = 2 model, the two adipose perfusion rates differ by a factor of 5.2 (Table 1). Measurements of adipose blood flow in rats using microspheres find about a 5 fold perfusion range for different fat depots [45]. However direct methods in humans do not find large perfusion differences in different adipose tissues (subcutaneous, visceral and perirenal [44] or abdominal and femoral [40]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneity of human adipose blood flow

Levitt

2007

BMC Clin Pharmacol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: The long time pharmacokinetics of highly lipid soluble compounds is dominated by blood-adipose tissue exchange and depends on the magnitude and heterogeneity of adipose blood flow. Because the adipose tissue is an infinite sink at short times (hours), the kinetics must be followed for days in order to determine if the adipose perfusion is heterogeneous. The purpose of this paper is to quantitate human adipose blood flow heterogeneity and determine its importance for human pharmacokinetics.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneity of human adipose blood flow

Levitt

2007

BMC Clin Pharmacol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To date, there are no data in the literature supporting such a hypothesis. It is known that an extensive capillary network surrounds each adipocyte 47 and Crandall et al 48 demonstrated that the blood flow per cell was remarkably similar between young and obese rats, despite significant differences in cell volume.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adipocyte functions are modulated by cell size change: potential involvement of an integrin/ERK signalling pathway

et al. 2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

OBJECTIVES:Adipocyte is the only cell whose size may vary dramatically in physiological conditions. We hypothesized that increase in fat cell size per se could modulate several signalling pathways by changing the relationships between the cell and the extracellular matrix. The aim of the current study was (i) to examine whether within the same fat depot, metabolic functions of adipocyte were modified by cell size and (ii) if such an adaptation exists, to look for an integrin/extracellular-signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) signalling pathway. RESULTS: We isolated two populations of adipocytes with different volumes (67 and 22 Â 10 3 mm 3 ) within the same adipose location. In large compared to small fat cells, fatty acid synthase and lipoprotein lipase activities were increased two-and sevenfold, respectively; GLUT4 protein concentration and leptin expression were increased three-fold; lipolytic capacity was increased four-fold. The integrin/ERK signalling pathway could be the one responsible for the adaptation of adipose functions to cell size. In large compared with small adipocytes, we showed that b 1 -integrins are present in adipose membranes and at a higher concentration in large than in small cells. In isolated adipocytes, stimulation of b 1 -integrins with a specific monoclonal antibody results in ERK 1 and ERK 2 activation. In large compared to small cells, cytoplasmic concentrations of these two mitogen-activated protein kinases were increased two-fold, whereas their activities were increased 10-fold. CONCLUSION: A b 1 -integrin/ERKs signalling pathway is present in mature adipocyte. Increase in cell size, by modifying the relationships between cell and extracellular matrix, could turn on this pathway. Since ERKs can modulate transcription factors and subsequently modulate gene expression important for adipose function, this pathway could play an important role in the adaptation of adipose functions to cell size.

show abstract

“…An enlargement of adipocytes and an increase in fat mass are some of the characteristics of obesity (33). The basal and catecholamine-stimulated rate of lipolysis as well as intracellular cAMP concentration and HSL activity is positively correlated with fat cell size (34±36).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adipocyte-specific reduction of phosphodiesterase 3B gene expression and its restoration by JTT-501 in the obese, diabetic KKAy mouse

Tang

Osawa

Onuma

et al. 2001

European Journal of Endocrinology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: Phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3B is a key enzyme involved in the anti-lipolytic action of insulin in adipocytes. PDE3B activation results in a reduced output of free fatty acids (FFA), whereas elevated serum FFA is known to cause insulin resistance. We have recently reported that reduced PDE3B gene expression is restored by treatment with pioglitazone, in the adipose tissues of obese, insulin-resistant diabetic KKAy mice. To determine whether the altered PDE3B gene expression is specific for adipocytes, the expression of this gene in liver and epididymal fat tissues of KKAy mice was examined. The effect of JTT-501, another peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)g ligand, which is different from thiazolidinedione, was also examined. Methods: PDE3B mRNA and protein were quantified by an RNase protection assay and Western blotting respectively. Membrane-bound PDE activities were also measured. Results: In adipose tissues of KKAy mice, PDE3B mRNA, protein and membrane-bound PDE activity were reduced to 47%, 57% and 51% respectively relative to those in C57BL/6J control mice. JTT-501 increased PDE3B mRNA, protein and membrane-bound PDE activity by 2.2-, 1.6-and 1.7-fold respectively over those of untreated KKAy mice. In the liver, PDE3B gene expression remained unchanged in KKAy mice, and was not affected by JTT-501. JTT-501 reduced the elevated levels of serum insulin, glucose, FFA and triglyceride in KKAy mice. Conclusions: PDE3B gene expression was specifically reduced in the adipose tissues of KKAy mice. JTT-501 restored this reduced gene expression with an accompanying improvement in elevated serum FFA and insulin resistance. European Journal of Endocrinology 145 93±99

show abstract

Adipocyte blood flow: influence of age, anatomic location, and dietary manipulation

Cited by 34 publications

References 0 publications

Heterogeneity of human adipose blood flow

Heterogeneity of human adipose blood flow

Adipocyte functions are modulated by cell size change: potential involvement of an integrin/ERK signalling pathway

Adipocyte-specific reduction of phosphodiesterase 3B gene expression and its restoration by JTT-501 in the obese, diabetic KKAy mouse

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About