Adipocytes spectrum — From homeostasia to obesity and its associated pathology

Grigoraș, Adriana; Amălinei, Cornelia; Bălan, Raluca; Giuşcă, Simona Eliza; Avădănei, Elena Roxana; Lozneanu, Ludmila; Căruntu, Irina-Draga

doi:10.1016/j.aanat.2018.06.004

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 193 publications

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“…Obesity is a major global health concern and is characterized by an imbalance between food intake and energy expenditure which causes excessive accumulation of fat in blood, adipose tissue, and liver (de Freitas Junior and de Almeida, 2017; Lee et al, 2018). Obesity is an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases (Grigoraş et al, 2018). Phytosome is a phyto-phospholipid complex, which is produced by forming a hydrogen bond between polar part of phospholipids and phytochemicals.…”

Section: Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanophytomedicines for the Prevention of Metabolic Syndrome: A Pharmacological and Biopharmaceutical Review

Nouri

Hajialyani

Izadi

et al. 2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Metabolic syndrome includes a series of metabolic abnormalities that leads to diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. Plant extracts, due to their unique advantages like anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and insulin sensitizing properties, are interesting therapeutic options to manage MetS; however, the poor solubility and low bioavailability of lipophilic bioactive components in the herbal extracts are two critical challenges. Nano-scale delivery systems are suitable to improve delivery of herbal extracts. This review, for the first time, focuses on nanoformulations of herbal extracts in MetS and related complications. Included studies showed that several forms of nano drug delivery systems such as nanoemulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanobiocomposites, and green-synthesized silver, gold, and zinc oxide nanoparticles have been developed using herbal extracts. It was shown that the method of preparation and related parameters such as temperature and type of polymer are important factors affecting physicochemical stability and therapeutic activity of the final product. Many of these formulations could successfully decrease the lipid profile, inflammation, oxidative damage, and insulin resistance in in vitro and in vivo models of MetS-related complications. Further studies are still needed to confirm the safety and efficacy of these novel herbal formulations for clinical application.

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Section: Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanophytomedicines for the Prevention of Metabolic Syndrome: A Pharmacological and Biopharmaceutical Review

Nouri

Hajialyani

Izadi

et al. 2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“…The increase in size is caused by the accumulation of triglycerides, due to a high level of energy sources. After saturating the storage capacity of adipocytes, ectopic fat depots are formed in the liver, muscles, and elsewhere (14,17,18). There is a change in chemokine production, particularly an increase of pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion (2), in enlarged adipocytes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adipocyte size in morbidly obese women and its relation to type 2 diabetes

Kamarád

Chylíková

Dvořáčková

et al. 2019

Acta Medica Martiniana

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Aim of the study: The aim was to perform a morphometric analysis of subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue of morbidly obese women and to determine the relationship between adipocyte size and the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Materials and methods: White adipose tissue of morbidly obese women was obtained from subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue during bariatric surgery. The same tissues were obtained at judicial autopsy in non-obese (lean) non-diabetic patients. The harvested tissue was embedded in paraffin and 5 μm thick hematoxylin-eosin stained sections were analyzed by the Olympus cellSens system. Statistical evaluation was performed by GraphPad Prism 6.1 software. Results: We found a relationship between adipocyte size and the presence of T2D. The most pronounced changes were seen in visceral adipocytes (cell diameter increased from 61.9 μm in controls to 79.5 μm in patients with T2D). Also, the size of the subcutaneous adipocytes increased against the control. A statistically significant difference between diabetic and non-diabetic patients was not proven in subcutaneous adipocytes. We also observed differences in the distribution of adipocyte mean diameters. Whilst in the control group there was a normal (Gaussian) distribution, in the morbidly obese we found an asymmetric distribution with a positive skewness to the right. Conclusion: We have demonstrated that in morbidly obese women a significant increase in visceral adipocyte size is associated with the development of both insulin resistance and T2D.

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“…The secretions of SCAT are released into the general circulation [48]. Therefore, WAT paves the way for different metabolic diseases and presents great detrimental effect to human health [49,50].…”

Section: Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Infrared Spectroscopy and Microscopy in Diagnosis of Obesity

Mollaoglu¹,

Ozyurt²,

Severcan³

2019

Infrared Spectroscopy - Principles, Advances, and Applications

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Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is a vibrational spectroscopic technique based on the absorption of infrared radiation by matters that excite vibrations of molecular bonds. It is a powerful method for investigating structural, functional, and compositional changes in biomolecules, cells, and tissues. In recent years, scientific researchers have continued to increase the performance of this technique on clinical cases such as cancers and metabolic disorders. Obesity is one of the main factors that increases the risk of many diseases and contributes to functional disabilities in tissues such as adipose, liver, and muscle. Applications of IR spectroscopic techniques allow identifying molecular changes due to obesity, to understand the molecular mechanism of the disease, to identify specific spectral biomarkers that can be used in diagnosis. In addition, these spectral biomarkers can be used to identify the appropriate drugs and their doses for treatment. In this chapter, applications of IR spectroscopic and microscopic techniques to the characterization and understanding the obesity metabolism will be presented. The discriminatory power of these techniques in diagnosis of obesity will be discussed. In future, these novel approaches will shed light on the internal diagnosis of obesity in clinical application.

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Adipocytes spectrum — From homeostasia to obesity and its associated pathology

Cited by 25 publications

References 193 publications

Nanophytomedicines for the Prevention of Metabolic Syndrome: A Pharmacological and Biopharmaceutical Review

Nanophytomedicines for the Prevention of Metabolic Syndrome: A Pharmacological and Biopharmaceutical Review

Adipocyte size in morbidly obese women and its relation to type 2 diabetes

Applications of Infrared Spectroscopy and Microscopy in Diagnosis of Obesity

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