Adipocytokines, Body Composition, and Fitness in Children

Nemet, Dan

doi:10.1203/01.pdr.0000039766.53698.3d

Cited by 70 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Our finding that nonobese vs obese children demonstrated elevated plasma concentrations of TNF-a were striking, in that these results differed from observations by others that showed a relationship between elevated TNF-a levels and increased obesity among human children and adults, as well as rodent models (Chu et al, 2002;Nemet et al, 2003). Potential explanations for this discrepancy include differences in age, body weight, body fat mass, mixed pubertal stages, and mixed ethnic groups among the studies.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 97%

“…Our study was unique in that we included younger children who were homogeneous with regard to both pubertal development (eg, all Tanner Stage I) and ethnicity. In fact, to our knowledge, our investigation represents the first study that evaluated TNF-a levels in a relatively homogeneous sample of Latino children, a population that has been identified at high risk for both obesity and T2DM (DiMartino-Nardi, 1999;Nemet et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Gender differences in TNF-α levels among obese vs nonobese Latino children

et al. 2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To examine the relationships between TNF-a, obesity, and insulin resistance among prepubescent children. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting and subjects: Data were collected from 112 nondiabetic Latino schoolchildren from public schools in three South Florida communities. Of the enrolled participants, 43.8% were obese (BMI 95th percentile) and 51.8% presented with a family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). With one exception, all demonstrated normal glucose tolerance. Interventions: Plasma TNF-a levels were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbance assay (ELISA). Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) was calculated as an index of insulin resistance. Mean levels of TNF-a among obese vs nonobese children were compared with a one-way analysis of variance with two groups, and the association between TNF-a and HOMA-IR was assessed with a Pearson's correlation. Results: Higher circulating TNF-a levels were revealed among nonobese vs obese children. Nonobese girls demonstrated higher TNF-a levels than obese girls, whereas there were no significant differences for boys. There were no significant differences after stratifying for family history of T2DM. There was a modest relationship between increased TNF-a levels and decreased insulin resistance. Conclusions: The observed elevated circulating TNF-a concentrations among leaner participants may reflect an inflammatory process that has been associated with higher levels of physical fitness in both adults and prepubescent children. This effect may remain stronger for prepubescent girls, and the mechanism may be attenuated by the hormonal changes that occur with the onset of puberty.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in TNF-α levels among obese vs nonobese Latino children

et al. 2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…42,43 The finding that low-grade inflammation is negatively associated with CVF and positively associated with body fat is consistent with those of other studies of young people. [12][13][14][15][16]20 Halle et al 14 reported that IL-6 levels were as low for obese and fit as for lean and unfit children, while the highest serum IL-6 concentrations were found in the obese and unfit group. In youths, plasma lipid profile is negatively associated with CVF in both overweight and non-overweight adolescents, 44 as well as total body fat, 10,11 abdominal adiposity, 8 features of the metabolic syndrome, 9,45 arterial compliance 46 and morphologic parameters reflecting early stage vascular changes, such as flow-mediated vasodilation and intima-media thickness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Low-grade inflammation has been associated with both physical activity (self-reported) and CVF in young people, [12][13][14][15][16] and in adults. [17][18][19][20][21] However, it has been suggested that the beneficial effect of physical activity and CVF on low-grade inflammation might be mediated by body fat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of low-grade inflammation with physical activity, fitness and fatness in prepubertal children; the European Youth Heart Study

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To examine the associations of low-grade inflammation with objectively measured physical activity, cardiovascular fitness (CVF) and fatness in prepubertal children. Design: Cross-sectional study. Subjects: One hundred and forty-two children (74 boys and 68 girls) aged 9-10 years (pubertal stage I and II) from the Swedish part of the European Youth Heart Study. Measurements: Total physical activity and its intensity levels (moderate, vigorous, moderate þ vigorous) were measured by accelerometry. CVF was measured with a maximal ergometer bike test. Body fat was derived from the sum of five skinfold thicknesses. The measured low-grade inflammatory markers include C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, complement factors C3 and C4. Results: C-reactive protein and C3 were negatively associated with CVF (b ¼ À0.254 and À0.267, respectively, Po0.05) and positively associated with body fat (b ¼ 0.439 and 0.446, respectively, Po0.001), after controlling for sex, age and pubertal development. C-reactive protein and C3 were not significantly associated with CVF once body fat was in the model. Low-grade inflammation was not associated with physical activity, but physical activity was associated with CVF. Conclusions:The results showed that low-grade inflammatory markers were negatively associated with CVF and positively associated with body fat in prepubertal children. For most of the variables, the influence of fatness was slightly higher than the influence of CVF. The findings suggest that the potential beneficial effects of physical activity on low-grade inflammation may be explained by its association with CVF. Understanding the interplay between physical activity, CVF and fatness may be of importance to reducing cardiovascular disease risk in young people.

show abstract

“…score, mostly determined by fat mass. 1,30,31 This positive relationship between the two parameters in newborns may be explained by a lack of negative feedback on adiponectin production because of few hypertrophic adipocytes, an increased amount of fat mass together with an increased number of small adipocytes, low percentage of body fat with a different fat distribution and relatively abundant brown adipose tissue secreting adiponectin. 8,32,33 In the study of ADIPOQ SNPs and cord blood adiponectin concentrations, Rothenbacher et al 22 investigated associations of ADIPOQ SNPs (rs17300539, rs266729 and rs1501299) with cord blood adiponectin concentrations in neonates, most of whom were of German ethnicity, and showed that the subjects with rs266729 CG or GG genotype had higher cord blood concentrations of adiponectin than those with the CC genotype after adjustment for gender and gestational age; these findings were consistent with the present study.…”

Section: Adiponectin Snps and Cord Blood Adiponectin M Saito Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of adiponectin polymorphism with cord blood adiponectin concentrations and intrauterine growth

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To assess whether adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) polymorphism is associated with intrauterine fetal growth and cord blood adiponectin, we investigated eight single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs182052, rs710445, rs16861205, rs12495941, rs1501299, rs3774261, rs2082940 and rs266729) in ADIPOQ and birth weight and cord blood adiponectin in 526 healthy neonates. We found that the neonates carrying the G allele of rs266729 had a significantly greater birth weight s.d. score than those homozygous for the C allele (CC: À0.06 ± 0.75 versus CG: 0.20 ± 0.64 versus GG: 0.07 ± 0.78; P¼1.65Â10 À3 , adjusted P¼9.90Â10 À3 ). However, this difference was not significant after adjustment for cord blood adiponectin (P¼0.04, adjusted P¼0.26). The rs266729 SNP was strongly associated with cord blood adiponectin; neonates with rs266729 GG had the highest adiponectin (CC: 34.1 ± 20.2 versus CG: 44.3 ± 26.1 versus GG: 54.1 ± 36.7 lg ml -1 , P¼2.80Â10 À9 , adjusted P¼1.68Â10 À8 ). This association remained after adjustment for birth weight s.d. score (P¼6.63Â10 À8 , adjusted P¼3.98Â10 À7 ). Our results suggest that the influence of the rs266729 SNP in ADIPOQ on birth weight may be dependent on circulating adiponectin.

show abstract

Adipocytokines, Body Composition, and Fitness in Children

Cited by 70 publications

References 24 publications

Gender differences in TNF-α levels among obese vs nonobese Latino children

Gender differences in TNF-α levels among obese vs nonobese Latino children

Associations of low-grade inflammation with physical activity, fitness and fatness in prepubertal children; the European Youth Heart Study

Association of adiponectin polymorphism with cord blood adiponectin concentrations and intrauterine growth

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About