Adipokines in dental pulp: Physiological, pathological, and potential therapeutic roles

Álvarez-Vásquez, José Luis; Bravo-Guapisaca, María Isabel; Gavidia-Pazmiño, Jonathan Francisco; Intriago-Morales, Ruth Viviana

doi:10.1016/j.job.2021.11.002

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 192 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Adipokines play multiple physiological and pathological functions in the dental pulp, and some of them exert antiinflammatory activity, such as adiponectin and ghrelin [304]; therefore, both adipokines could reduce pain in AIP due to their inherent anti-inflammatory activity. Although several adipokines have recently been identified [305], only a few of them have been studied in the pulp tissue [304]. Thus, their potential involvement in pulp inflammation and pain warrants further investigation.…”

Section: Adipokinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Exploring the Painless Nature and Potential Mechanisms of Asymptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis: A Narrative Review

Cabrera-Abad,

Jara-Vergara,

Álvarez-Vásquez

2024

TODENTJ

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Considering the extensive innervation of the pulp tissue, asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis (AIP) or “silent pulpitis” represents a confounding clinical condition. Previous studies have attributed the painless nature of AIP to the inhibition of pulpal nociceptors by local endogenous analgesics. However, there is a lack of recent information concerning its painless nature, and paradoxically, patients with dental pain are diagnosed with AIP daily worldwide. In addition, no recent review has explored the potential AIP-related mechanisms. Objective This narrative review aims to explore and update the potential mechanisms involved in the painless nature of AIP to improve our current understanding of the asymptomatic character of this clinical condition. Methods An electronic search was performed in the PubMed and Scopus databases, using as search terms “asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis,” “dental pulp,” “endogenous opioids,” “endogenous cannabinoids,” “somatostatin,” “GABA,” “bombesin,” “cortistatin,” “galanin,” and “specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators.” Results Endogenous opioids, G protein-activated inwardly rectifying K+ channels, endogenous cannabinoids, γ-aminobutyric acid, and neuropeptides (i.e. somatostatin, cortistatin, galanin, and bombesin) could be involved in AIP-related analgesia. Additionally, specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators, such as lipoxins, resolvins, maresins, and protectins, as well as oxytocin, phoenixin, opiorphin, and adipokines, could also be involved in this clinical condition. Conclusion This narrative review provides updated information on the potentially involved mechanisms in AIP. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms responsible for the lack of symptoms in AIP remain to be elucidated, and further research is warranted.

show abstract

Section: Adipokinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dental pulp [304]. Dental pulp [304]. No Some exert anti-inflammatory effects by inducing the secretion of anti-inflammatory interleukins or inhibiting the production of proinflammatory cytokines [304].…”

Section: Adipokinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Painless Nature and Potential Mechanisms of Asymptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis: A Narrative Review

Cabrera-Abad,

Jara-Vergara,

Álvarez-Vásquez

2024

TODENTJ

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Table 1 presents the selected mediators that can play a potential role in cell-to-cell signalling and cell-mediated immune response during the inflammatory processes in the dental pulp. Interestingly, adipokines (such as leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin) may demonstrate numerous physiological and pathological functions associated with inflammatory and immune mechanisms, cell proliferation differentiation, dentinogenesis or angiogenesis in the pulp tissues [51]. IL-1β and CD40 Hayama et al, 2016 [56] kallikrein (KLKB1), protease-activated receptor-1 Huang et al, 2005 [57] tissue-type plasminogen activator Hui et al, 2018 [58] enhancer of zeste homolog 2 Kamio et al, 2008 [59] plasmin, protease-activated receptor-1 Killough et al, 2009 [60] substance P Liao et al, 2019 [61] sclerostin Liu et al, 2017 [62] octamer-binding transcription factor 4-B1 Liu et al, 2021 [63] lncRNA MEG3 Mehboob et al, 2021 [64] receptor neurokinin-1 Mente et al, 2016 [65] matrix metalloproteinase-9 Miyauchi et al, 1996 [66] PGE2, PGF2, and 6-keto-PGFl Okiji et al, 1992 [67] 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and prostaglandin I2, leukotriene B4 Rethnam et al, 2010 [68] neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y1 receptor (Y1R) Sugiuchi et al, 2018 [69] IL-1β and IL-6, Wnt5a, Runx2, and alkaline phosphatase Tancharoen et al, 2014 [70] high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) Wang et al, 2021 [71] NUTM2A antisense RNA 1, HMGB1…”

Section: The Changes In Metabolic and Signalling Pathways During The ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Cellular Metabolism in Maintaining the Function of the Dentine-Pulp Complex: A Narrative Review

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The cellular metabolic processes ensure the physiological integrity of the dentine-pulp complex. Odontoblasts and odontoblast-like cells are responsible for the defence mechanisms in the form of tertiary dentine formation. In turn, the main defence reaction of the pulp is the development of inflammation, during which the metabolic and signalling pathways of the cells are significantly altered. The selected dental procedures, such as orthodontic treatment, resin infiltration, resin restorations or dental bleaching, can impact the cellular metabolism in the dental pulp. Among systemic metabolic diseases, diabetes mellitus causes the most consequences for the cellular metabolism of the dentine-pulp complex. Similarly, ageing processes present a proven effect on the metabolic functioning of the odontoblasts and the pulp cells. In the literature, several potential metabolic mediators demonstrating anti-inflammatory properties on inflamed dental pulp are mentioned. Moreover, the pulp stem cells exhibit the regenerative potential essential for maintaining the function of the dentine-pulp complex.

show abstract

“…Additionally, it has been shown that rats with high-fructose diets display increased intestinal leptin levels 28 days after apical periodontitis induction [43]. Leptin is implicated in the regeneration and repair of dental structures [44] through the differentiation of dental stem cells from periodontal ligament (PDL) and dental pulp into odontoblast-like cells, preventing their differentiation into adipocytes [45,46]. Moreover, compelling evidence has implicated leptin in dental inflammatory and immune responses [40,46].…”

Section: Leptinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptin in Dental Pulp and Periapical Tissues: A Narrative Review

Martín-González

Segura-Egea

Pérez-Pérez

et al. 2022

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Leptin is a non-glycosylated 16 kDa protein synthesized mainly in adipose cells. The main function of leptin is to regulate energy homeostasis and weight control in a central manner. There is increasing evidence that leptin also has systemic effects, acting as a link between innate and acquired immune responses. The expression of leptin and its receptor in human dental pulp and periradicular tissues have already been described, as well as several stimulatory effects of leptin protein expression in dental and periodontal tissues. The aim of this paper was to review and to compile the reported scientific literature on the role and effects of leptin in the dental pulp and periapical tissues. Twelve articles accomplished the inclusion criteria, and a comprehensive narrative review was carried out. Review of the available scientific literature concluded that leptin has the following effects on pulpal and periapical physiology: 1) Stimulates odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), 2) Increases the expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1), odontoblastic proteins involved in odontoblastic differentiation and dentin mineralization, 3) Stimulates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in human dental pulp tissue and primary cultured cells of human dental pulp (hDPCs), 4) Stimulates angiogenesis in rat dental pulp cells, and 5) Induces the expression of interleucinas 6 and 8 in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs). There is evidence which suggests that leptin is implicated in the dentin mineralization process and in pulpal and periapical inflammatory and reparative responses.

show abstract

Adipokines in dental pulp: Physiological, pathological, and potential therapeutic roles

Cited by 4 publications

References 192 publications

Exploring the Painless Nature and Potential Mechanisms of Asymptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis: A Narrative Review

Exploring the Painless Nature and Potential Mechanisms of Asymptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis: A Narrative Review

The Role of Cellular Metabolism in Maintaining the Function of the Dentine-Pulp Complex: A Narrative Review

Leptin in Dental Pulp and Periapical Tissues: A Narrative Review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About