Adiponectin and the metabolic syndrome: mechanisms mediating risk for metabolic and cardiovascular disease

Lara-Castro, Cristina; Fu, Yue; Chung, Byung Hong; Garvey, W. Timothy

doi:10.1097/mol.0b013e32814a645f

Cited by 281 publications

(253 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…Adiponectin influences plasma lipoprotein concentrations by altering the expression and activity of key enzymes (i.e., lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase) responsible for the catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypoadiponectinemia in Obesity: Association with Insulin Resistance

et al. 2012

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Obesity is risk factor for insulin resistance, diabetes, and other chronic diseases. Adiponectin, an adipose-specific protein with antiatherogenic and antiinflammatory effects, were found to be associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and insulin resistance. Our aim to identify possible relationships between circulating adiponectin and obesity as well as obesity related phenotypes. A total of 642, obese and non-obese individuals were included in this cross-sectional study. Hormone and glucose levels were estimated using standard protocols. The adiponectin levels showed a significant decrease with increasing quartiles of insulin resistance index. Subjects in lowest quartile of adiponectin level had a significantly higher risk than those in the highest quartile, with higher body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, percentage body fat, fat mass, fasting insulin, insulin resistance index, total cholesterol (p \ 0.001), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (p = 0.001), very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (p = 0.002), and Triglyceride (p = 0.002). The present study indicates that adiponectin is significantly associated with obesity, insulin resistance and other obesity related phenotypes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypoadiponectinemia in Obesity: Association with Insulin Resistance

et al. 2012

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“…90 Thus, it is believed that adiponectin provides a link between obesity and the development of insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease. 91 Accordingly, regarding the influence of gluteofemoral body fat, adiponectin levels are positively associated with leg fat mass. 92 Moreover, higher gluteofemoral fat mass results in higher adiponectin levels and increased insulin sensitivity.…”

Section: Adiponectinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gluteofemoral body fat as a determinant of metabolic health

2010

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Body fat distribution is an important metabolic and cardiovascular risk factor, because the proportion of abdominal to gluteofemoral body fat correlates with obesity-associated diseases and mortality. Here, we review the evidence and possible mechanisms that support a specific protective role of gluteofemoral body fat. Population studies show that an increased gluteofemoral fat mass is independently associated with a protective lipid and glucose profile, as well as a decrease in cardiovascular and metabolic risk. Studies of adipose tissue physiology in vitro and in vivo confirm distinct properties of the gluteofemoral fat depot with regards to lipolysis and fatty acid uptake: in day-to-day metabolism it appears to be more passive than the abdominal depot and it exerts its protective properties by long-term fatty acid storage. Further, a beneficial adipokine profile is associated with gluteofemoral fat. Leptin and adiponectin levels are positively associated with gluteofemoral fat while the level of inflammatory cytokines is negatively associated. Finally, loss of gluteofemoral fat, as observed in Cushing's syndrome and lipodystrophy is associated with an increased metabolic and cardiovascular risk. This underlines gluteofemoral fat's role as a determinant of health by the long-term entrapment of excess fatty acids, thus protecting from the adverse effects associated with ectopic fat deposition.

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“…Adiponectin has also been reported to be directly involved in several metabolic diseases such as obesity and associated complications including diabetes, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, hepatic pathologies and inflammation . These pathologies [22] represent principal features of metabolic syndrome which significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Today, adiponectin is considered as a biomarker of metabolic syndrome and associated complications .…”

Section: Adiponectin Regulation As a Target For Obesity And Metabolicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adiponectin normalization: a clue to the anti-metabolic syndrome action of rimonabant

Maynadier¹,

Basile²,

Gary‐Bobo³

2009

Drug Discovery Today

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Obesity, currently associated with metabolic syndrome is characterized by an excessive fat storage in different organs, in particular adipose tissue, inducing the loss of its structural and functional integrity. The awareness of the importance of adipose tissue endocrine function and the key role of adipocytokines such as adiponectin in obesity and metabolic syndrome display, the necessity to develop new drugs able to exert a specific action on adipose tissue and on adiponectin level. Rimonabant, an anti-obesity drug presents a dual effect by decreasing food intake and importantly increasing adiponectin. This review focusses on the key role of adiponectin regulation in the success of rimonabant and suggests that this adipohormone may be considered as a therapeutic target to design innovative and promising anti-obesity and antimetabolic syndrome drugs. MESH Keywords OBESITY AND ASSOCIATED METABOLIC SYNDROME: THE CURSE OF THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURYObesity is a world wide health problem particularly in rich and industrialized countries, which allow consumption devoid of limits and rules. Today obese people represent a third of Americans and a fifth of Europeans and this pandemic affects more children every year .[1]The seriousness of obesity depends on its associated metabolic disorders that strongly increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases .[2]Obesity is a metabolic disease currently associated with a cluster of chronic and progressive pathologies presenting several features of metabolic syndrome, including type 2 diabetes, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, hypertension, steatohepatitis, inflammation and cancer , . The excessive fat accumulation in principal organs and tissues involved in energy [3 4] metabolism regulation such as adipose tissue, liver and muscle, impairs tissue integrity and causes a confined inflammation characterized by an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF ) . This local inflammation may play a key role inthe development of insulin resistance in these tissues. The increase in TNF level could induce in its turn insulin resistance, probably by α saturating the insulin signaling pathway , . Insulin resistance reduces fatty acid oxidation, markedly amplifies the pathological excessive [6 7] fat storage and gives a chronic and progressive nature to this process. Obesity is also characterized by a whole inflammatory state with [2] an increase in circulating level of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF , C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-1-(IL-1 ),interleukine-6 (IL-6), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), transforming growth factor (TGF ), and a decrease in anti-inflammatory β β cytokine levels such as adiponectin . This obesity-associated inflammatory component seems to play an important role in the dramatic [8] progression of obesity and metabolic syndrome . In addition, metabolic dysfunction of principal organs involved in lipid and glucose [5] metabolism is connected with a whole body lipid distu...

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Adiponectin and the metabolic syndrome: mechanisms mediating risk for metabolic and cardiovascular disease

Abstract: Recent studies emphasize the role played by adiponectin in the homeostasis of adipose tissue and in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis. These pleiotropic effects make it an attractive therapeutic target for obesity-related conditions.

Cited by 281 publications

References 97 publications

Hypoadiponectinemia in Obesity: Association with Insulin Resistance

Hypoadiponectinemia in Obesity: Association with Insulin Resistance

Gluteofemoral body fat as a determinant of metabolic health

Adiponectin normalization: a clue to the anti-metabolic syndrome action of rimonabant

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