Adiponectin as a therapeutic target for diabetic foot ulcer

Abstract

The global burden of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) is a significant public health concern, affecting millions of people worldwide. These wounds cause considerable suffering and have a high economic cost. Therefore, there is a need for effective strategies to prevent and treat DFUs. One promising therapeutic approach is the use of adiponectin, a hormone primarily produced and secreted by adipose tissue. Adiponectin has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic properties, and researchers have suggested its potential therapeutic applications in the treatment of DFUs. Studies have indicated that adiponectin can inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, increase the production of vascular endothelial growth factor, a key mediator of angiogenesis, and inhibit the activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Additionally, adiponectin has been found to possess antioxidant properties and impact glucose metabolism, the immune system, extracellular matrix remodeling, and nerve function. The objective of this review is to summarize the current state of research on the potential role of adiponectin in the treatment of DFUs and to identify areas where further research is needed in order to fully understand the effects of adiponectin on DFUs and to establish its safety and efficacy as a treatment for DFUs in the clinical setting. This will provide a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms of DFUs that can aid in the development of new and more effective treatment strategies.

From a hunger-regulating hormone to an antimicrobial peptide: gastrointestinal derived circulating endocrine hormone-peptide YY exerts exocrine antimicrobial effects against selective gut microbiota

“… 18 Adiponectin, derived from the adipose tissue, regulates antimicrobial peptide production in senescent keratinocytes, thereby protecting against microbial pathogens. 19 Melatonin, primarily recognized for its involvement in the regulation of the sleep-wake circadian rhythm, contributes to the defense against microbial pathogens due to its antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties. 20–25 The in vitro effect of these hormones on gut bacteria has been explored, but minimal attention has been directed at gut fungi.…”